Part 68 (1/2)

_Grand Carver to His Majesty_: Under his arms a knife and fork in saltire proper, the handles azure, seme-de-lis or. {582}

_Grand Provost of the Household_: Under his arms two Roman fasces or, corded azure.

_Grand Quartermaster_: A mace and battle-axe in saltire.

_Captain of the Guards of the Gate_: Two keys in pale, crowned argent, one on each side the arms.

_The President of the Parliament_: On his helmet a black cap with two bands of gold lace.

Under the Empire (of France) the Vice-Connetable used arms holding swords, as had been the case with the Constable of the Kingdom, but the swords were sheathed and seme of golden bees. The Grand Chamberlain had two golden keys in saltire, the bows thereof enclosing the imperial eagle, and the batons of the Marechaux de French were seme of bees instead of fleurs-de-lis.

The Pope bears a cross with three arms, an archbishop one with two arms, a bishop one with a single arm. Besides this, two crossed keys appertain to the Pope, the golden key to bind, in bend dexter, the silver key to loose, in sinister bend. British archbishops and bishops will be presently referred to. Ecclesiastical princes, who were at the same time sovereign territorial princes, bore behind their s.h.i.+eld a pedum or pastorale (crosier), crossed with the sword of penal judicature. A bishop bears the crosier with an outward bend, an abbot with an inward bend, thus symbolising the range of their activity or dominion. The arch and hereditary offices of the old German Empire had also their own attributes; thus the ”Erztruchsess,” Lord High Steward (Palatinate-Bavaria), bore a golden Imperial globe, which arose from a misinterpretation of the double dish, the original attribute of this dignity. The Lord High Marshal of the Empire (Saxony) expressed his office by a s.h.i.+eld divided ”per fess argent and sable,” bearing two crossed swords gules. The Hereditary Standard-bearer (Wurtemberg) bore: ”Azure, a banner or, charged with an eagle sable”; the Lord High Chamberlain (Brandenburg): ”Azure, a sceptre or,” while the Hereditary Chamberlain (Hohenzollern) used: ”Gules, two crossed sceptres or.”

In Italy the Duca de Savelli, as Marshal of the Conclave, hangs on either side of his s.h.i.+eld a key, the cords of which are knotted beneath his coronet.

In Holland Admirals used the naval Crown, and added two anchors in saltire behind the s.h.i.+eld.

In Spain the Admirals of Castile and of the Indies placed an anchor in bend behind the s.h.i.+eld.

The instances I am aware of which have official sanction already in this country are as stated in the list which follows:--

I have purposely (to make the list absolutely complete) included {583} insignia which may possibly be more properly considered ensigns of rank, because it is not particularly easy always to distinguish offices from honours and from rank.

_The Kings of England_ (George I. to William IV.), as Arch Treasurers of the Holy Roman Empire, bore: Upon an inescutcheon gules, in the centre of the arms of Hanover, a representation of the Crown of Charlemagne.

_An Archbishop_ has: (1) His official coat of arms, which he impales (placing it on the dexter side) with his personal arms; (2) his mitre, which, it should be noted, is the same as the mitre of a Bishop, and _not_ having a coronet encircling its band; (3) his archiepiscopal staff (of gold, and with two transverse arms), which is placed in pale behind his escutcheon; (4) two crosiers in saltire behind the escutcheon. It is curious to note that the pallium which occurs in all archiepiscopal coats of arms (save that of York) is now very generally conceded to have been more in the nature of an emblem of the _rank_ of Archbishop (it being a part of his ecclesiastical costume) than a charge in a concrete impersonal coat of arms for a defined area of archiepiscopal jurisdiction. In this connection it is interesting to observe that the Archbishops of York anciently used the pallium in lieu of the official arms now regularly employed.

_A Bishop_ has: (1) His official coat of arms, (2) his mitre, (3) two crosiers in saltire behind his escutcheon.

_The Bishop of Durham_ has: (1) His official coat of arms, (2) his coronetted mitre, _which is peculiar to himself_, and (which is another privilege also peculiar to himself alone) he places a _sword_ and a crosier in saltire behind his arms. Reference should also be made to the chapter upon Ecclesiastical Heraldry.

_A Peer_ has: (1) His coronet, (2) his helmet of rank; (3) his supporters, (4) his robe of estate.

_A Scottish Peer_ has, in addition, the ermine lining to his mantling.

_A Baronet of England_, of Ireland, of Great Britain, or of the United Kingdom has: (1) His helmet of rank, (2) his badge of Ulster upon an inescutcheon or canton (argent, a sinister hand erect, couped at the wrist gules).

_A Baronet of Nova Scotia_ has: (1) His helmet of rank, (2) his badge (an orange tawny ribbon, whereon shall hang pendent in an escutcheon argent, a saltire azure, thereon an inescutcheon of the arms of Scotland, with an imperial crown over the escutcheon, and encircled with this motto, ”Fax Mentis Honestae Gloria,” pendent below the escutcheon).

_A Knight of the Garter_ has: (1) His Garter to encircle the s.h.i.+eld, (2) his collar and badge, (3) supporters. The Prelate of the Order of {584} the Garter (an office held by the Bishops of Winchester) is ent.i.tled to encircle his arms with the Garter. The Chancellor of the Order of the Garter encircles his arms with the Garter. Formerly the Bishops of Salisbury always held this office, but in 1836 when the county of Berks (which of course includes Windsor, and therefore the chapel of the order) was removed from the Diocese of Salisbury to the Diocese of Oxford, the office of Chancellor pa.s.sed to the Bishops of Oxford. The Dean of Windsor, as Registrar of the Order, displays below his s.h.i.+eld the ribbon and badge of his office.

_A Knight of the Thistle_ has: (1) The ribbon or circlet of the order, (2) his collar and badge, (3) supporters. The Dean of the Chapels Royal in Scotland, as Dean of the Order, used the badge and ribbon of his office.

_A Knight of St. Patrick_ has: (1) The ribbon or circlet of the order, (2) his collar and badge, (3) supporters. The Prelate of the Order of St.

Patrick was as such ent.i.tled to encircle his escutcheon with the ribbon or circlet of that order, from which his official badge depends. The office, of course, came to an end with the disestablishment of the Irish Church. It was held by the Archbishops of Armagh. The Chancellor of the Order of St.

Patrick is as such ent.i.tled to encircle his escutcheon with the ribbon or circlet of that order, from which his official badge depends. This office, formerly held by the Archbishops of Dublin, has since the disestablishment been enjoyed by the Chief Secretaries for Ireland. The Deans of St.

Patrick's were similarly Registrars of the Order, and as such used the badge and ribbon of their office.

_Knights Grand Cross_ or _Knights Grand Commanders_ of the Orders of the Bath, the Star of India, St. Michael and St. George, the Indian Empire, or the Victorian Order, have: (1) The circlets or ribbons of their respective Orders, (2) their collars and badges, (3) their helmets of degree, (4) supporters, if they incline to pay the fees for these to be granted.