Part 8 (1/2)
”Not often, my dear, for most birds congregate together in small flocks and depart unnoticed; many go away at night, when we are sleeping; and some fly very high on cloudy days, so that they are not distinctly seen against the dull grey sky. The water birds, such as geese, swans, and ducks, take their flight in large bodies. They are heard making a continual noise in the air, and may be seen grouped in long lines, or in the form of the letter V lying on its side, (<), the=”” point=”” generally=”” directed=”” southward=”” or=”” westward,=”” the=”” strongest=”” and=”” oldest=”” birds=”” acting=”” as=”” leaders:=”” when=”” tired,=”” these=”” aquatic=”” generals=”” fall=”” backward=”” into=”” the=”” main=”” body,=”” and=”” are=”” replaced=”” by=””>
Lady Mary was much surprised at the order and sagacity displayed by wild fowl in their flight; and Mrs. Frazer told her that some other time she would tell her some more facts respecting their migration to other countries.
”Nurse, will you tell me something about birds' nests, and what they make them of?”
”Birds that live chiefly in the depths of the forest, or in solitary places, far away from the haunts of men, build their nests of ruder materials, and with less care in the manner of putting them together; dried gra.s.s, roots, and a little moss, seem to be the materials they make use of. It has been noticed by many persons, my dear, that those birds that live near towns and villages and cleared farms, soon learn to make better sorts of nests, and to weave into them soft and comfortable things, such as silk, wool, cotton, and hair.”
”That is very strange, nurse.”
”It is so, Lady Mary; but the same thing may also be seen among human beings. The savage nations are contented with rude dwellings made of sticks and cane, covered with skins of beasts, bark, or reeds; but when they once unite together in a more social state, and live in villages and towns, a desire for improvement takes place; the tent of skins, or the rude shanty, is exchanged for a hut of better shape; and this in time gives place to houses and furniture of more useful and ornamental kinds.”
”Nurse, I heard mamma say, that the Britons who lived in England were once savages, and lived in caves, huts, and thick woods; that they dressed in skins, and painted their bodies like the Indians.”
”When you read the history of England, you will see that such was the case,” said Mrs. Frazer.
”Nurse, perhaps the little birds like to see the flowers, and the suns.h.i.+ne, and the blue sky, and men's houses. I will make my garden very pretty this spring, and plant some nice flowers to please the dear little birds.”
Many persons would have thought such remarks very foolish in our little lady, but Mrs. Frazer, who was a good and wise woman, did not laugh at the little girl; for she thought it was a lovely thing to see her wish to give happiness to the least of G.o.d's creatures, for it was imitating His own goodness and mercy, which delight in the enjoyment of the things which He has called into existence.
”Please, Mrs. Frazer, will you tell me which flowers will be first in bloom?”
”The very first is a plant that comes up without leaves.”
”Nurse, that is the Christmas-rose; [Footnote: Winter Aconite.] I have seen it in the old country.”
”No, Lady Mary, it is the colt's-foot; [Footnote: Tussilago Farfara.] it is a common looking, coa.r.s.e, yellow-blossomed flower; it is the first that blooms after the snow; then comes the pretty snow-flower or hepatica. Its pretty tufts of white, pink, or blue starry flowers, may be seen on the open clearing, or beneath the shade of the half-cleared woods, or upturned roots and sunny banks. Like the English daisy, it grows everywhere, and the sight of its bright starry blossoms delights every eye.”
”The next flower that comes in is the dog's-tooth-violet.” [Footnote: Erythronium.]
”What a droll name!” exclaimed Lady Mary, laughing.
”I suppose it is called so from the sharpness of the flower-leaves (petals), my lady, but it is a beautiful yellow lily; the leaves are also pretty; they are veined or clouded with milky white or dusky purple. The plant has a bulbous root, and in the month of April sends up its single, nodding, yellow-spotted flowers; they grow in large beds, where the ground is black, moist and rich, near creeks on the edge of the forest.”
”Do you know any other pretty flowers, nurse?”
”Yes, my lady, there are a great many that bloom in April and May; white violets, and blue, and yellow, of many kinds; and then there is the spring beauty, [Footnote: Claytonia.] a delicate little flower with pink striped bells, and the everlasting flower, [Footnote: Graphalium.] and saxifrage, and the white and dark red lily, that the Yankees call 'white and red death.' [Footnote: Trillium, or Wake Robin.] These have three green leaves about the middle of the stalk, and the flower is composed of three pure white or deep red leaves--petals my father used to call them; for my father, Lady Mary, was a botanist, and knew the names of all the flowers, and I learned them from him.
”The most curious is the moca.s.sin flower. The early one is bright golden yellow, and has a bag or sack which is curiously spotted with ruby red, and its petals are twisted like horns. There is a hard thick piece that lies down just above the sack or moca.s.sin part; and if you lift this up, you see a pair of round dark spots like eyes, and the Indians say it is like the face of a hound, with the nose and black eyes plain to be seen; two of the shorter curled brown petals look like flapped ears, one on each side of the face.
”There is a more beautiful sort, purple and white, which blooms in August; the plant is taller, and bears large lovely flowers.”
”And has it a funny face and ears too, nurse?”
”Yes, my dear, but the face is more like an ape's; it is even more distinct than in the yellow moca.s.sin. When my brother and I were children, we used to fold back the petals and call them baby flowers; the sack, we thought, looked like a baby's white frock.”
Lady Mary was much amused at this notion.
”There are a great number of very beautiful and also very curious flowers growing in the forest,” said Mrs. Frazer; ”some of them are used in medicine, and some by the Indians for dyes, with which they stain the baskets and porcupine quills. One of our earliest flowers is called the blood-root; [Footnote: Sanguivaria.] it comes up a delicate white folded bud, within a vine-shaped leaf, which is veined on the under side with orange yellow. If the stem or the root of this plant be broken, a scarlet juice drops out very fast--it is with this the squaws dye red and orange colours.”