Part 4 (2/2)

HOLY TRINITY CHURCH

CHAPTER I

HISTORY OF THE CHURCH

Although the first mention of this church which the indefatigable Dugdale could find was its appropriation to the priory in 1259-1260, it is tolerably certain that its foundation was much earlier. As before said, it is reputed to be older than St. Michael's and its position close to the monastery suggests that it had been built, as often happened, for the paris.h.i.+oners by the monks who disliked their intrusion within the priory church. The appropriation at this time may have been rather of the nature of a confirmation of the rights of the priory than the inst.i.tution of a new condition of things. As, in 1391, the chancel had to be rebuilt being ”ruinated and decayed” we may conclude that it was probably older than the present north porch which is certainly not later than 1259. It was at the same time lengthened by twenty-four feet, the convent giving one hundred s.h.i.+llings per annum for eight years and six trees, the paris.h.i.+oners finding all other material and workmans.h.i.+p. The convent and parish also agreed to support and keep it in repair at their joint charges.

From 1298, when Henry de Harenhale was appointed, the list of vicars is complete, but in a cartulary of the priory mention is made of Ralph de Sowe, vicar of Trinity, as giving a tenement in Well Street, for the celebration of his anniversary.

There are but few landmarks in its history, and dates affecting the structure can generally be a.s.signed by internal evidence alone. The nave arcades had already been rebuilt before the chancel was touched, and a piece of work of the same period is to be seen in the five-light Decorated window, in the Consistory Court which now opens into the large chamber over the porch. We have no record of the building of the clearstory and roof of the nave. The resemblances between this clearstory, and that of St. John's chancel, raise the question of priority. The fuller development at St. John's of the peculiar treatment of the angles points to its being a little later but probably both fall within the second and third quarters of the fifteenth century.

For a church of this size the chapels, altars and chantries were very numerous, there being probably fifteen altars in all. In 1522 the establishment of clergy consisted of a vicar, eleven parochial priests and two chantry priests. Dugdale enumerates six chantries so that it is evident that here as often elsewhere some of the parochial priests derived the whole or a part of their support from their performance of the duties of chantry priests.

Many chantry priests on the other hand had other duties and took part in other services than the daily ma.s.s for which the chantry was founded.

So much that is of interest in the religious life of the period is connected with the chantries that it is worth while recording some of the scattered notices that have come down to us.

To begin with the Chapel of Our Lady, the earliest mention we have of it is in 1364 while in 1392 the Corpus Christi Gild endowed a priest there to sing ma.s.s for the good estate of Richard II, Anne his queen, and the whole realm of England, to be called St. Mary's priest. The indenture sets forth that ”he is to be at Divine service on Sundays and double Feasts in the chancel and at Matins, Hours, Ma.s.ses, Evensong, Compline and other offices used in the said church and also daily at _Salve_ in our Lady's Chapel unless hindered by reasonable cause.” The records of the Dissolution of the Chantries show how much town property must have been held by them, while from these and other sources we learn the extent of their belongings in tenements, messuages, rent charges and the like. Thus in 1454 Emot Dowte gave several tenements to this altar and in 1492 Richard Clyff ”late parson of St. George in London,” left a house in Well St. to the church ”to the intent that the ma.s.s of Our Lady may be observed the better.” In 1558 (the year of Elizabeth's accession) William Hyndeman, alderman and butcher, directs that his body be buried in the Lady Chapel ”as aldermen are wont to be buried, towards the charges whereof I give twenty n.o.bles to be levied of my quick cattle and if it be too little then I will that Sybil my wife shall lay down _20s._ more.” He also orders an obit to be kept after the death of his wife ”yearly for ever;” a form of words that must surely have sounded unreal after the changes of the last two reigns.

Perceye's chantry again, which Dugdale considered the oldest (though he does not give the date) was endowed in 1350 with six messuages, one shop, six acres of land and 40s. rent, all lying in Coventry, to which in 1407 William Botoner and others, added a messuage and twenty-four acres of land in the city for another priest.

Then the chantry of the Holy Cross (1357) founded for two priests to sing daily a ma.s.s for the good estate before death and for the souls after of the royal family, and for the founders and the members of the Fraternity of the Holy Cross, was endowed with seven messuages, fourteen shops and sixteen acres of land in the city.

Dugdale enumerates also four others, Cellet's, Corpus Christi, Lodynton's and Allesley's, to which should probably be added Marler's, a.s.signed by him to St. Michael's. The first two are doubtless the same foundation, for in 1329 land and tenements were granted to the priest of Corpus Christi Chapel for the health of the soul of William Celet and others.

It was almost certainly situated in the south transept, on the upper level over the vaulted pa.s.sage. The position of Lodynton's chantry (1393) is not known; Allesley's, founded in the reign of Edward I, was sung at St. Thomas's altar.

Richard Marler stipulates in his will that his priest is to have the ”stypend or wagis of nyne marks by yere so long as he shall be of good and prestly conversacyon and demeanor, wt' a p'vyso that yf the seyde prest be ffounde otherwyse, after monyc'on and reasonable warnyng to hym geven, he to be removed.”

Much of the later history of the church relates to the destruction of its fittings and furniture or to restorations almost as grievous. In 1560 _2s. 6d._ was paid for taking down the carving about the high altar, while the Mayor bought the panelling of the altar for _33s.

4d._, the vail for _5s._, the ”thing that the sacrament was in over the altar _1s._,” the ”peyre [pair of candlesticks?] that was upon the altar _5d._” Perhaps he thought that all these things would be wanted again ere long. In 1547 a quant.i.ty of costly vestments and banners had been sold and we find in the accounts a number of such items as these: ”Sold the 6 day of Jennery 5 copps of red teyssew to Mr.

Roghers, now mayre (and 4 other persons) pryce of the sayd copps, _10l._ To Bawden Desseld one cope of red velvet, _5l._ Mr. Schewyll a grene velvet cope, _30s._”

But before Mary's death we have a lengthy inventory of copes, vestments, albs, banners and the like, some of which may have come back to the church from the buyers at the sale eleven years before.

The church must have looked like a builder's yard in 1643 when the Committee and Council of War pulled down divers houses outside Bishop's and Spon Gates and stacked the materials here, while the changes of government are indicated by the payment in 1647 of _3s.

6d._ ”to Hopes for defacing the King's Arms” and in 1660 of _6s._ to ”Hope for the King's Arms.”

Five years after this the spire, which had caused much anxiety and expense for many years, was blown down in a gale, falling across the chancel and causing much destruction. All was restored and the spire rebuilt in three years. Reference has been made to the existence of a vaulted pa.s.sage through the south transept. This was made necessary by the position of an ancient building known as Jesus Hall which adjoined the transept and thus blocked the way from ”the Butchery” in this direction. The Hall had probably been long used as the residence of the priests attached to the church but nothing is known of its origin.

It was destroyed in 1742. Only in 1834, when the exterior of the church was recased was the pa.s.sage blocked and the floor of the upper chapel removed.

The Register records the marriage of Sarah Kemble with William Siddons on 25th November, 1773.

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