Part 39 (1/2)

Of the former I find no satisfactory analysis The latter cia b' e is literally _which it be_, or _which it were_; which is just the French _qui que ce soit_, _qui que ce fut_ expressed in English by one word _whosoever_, _whichsoever_ We find cia used in this sense and connection, Psal cxxxv 11 Glasg 1753 Gach uile rioghachd doms likewise, however numerous they be_

See also Gen xliv 9, Rom ii 1

[47] This pronoun is found written with an initial c in Lhuyd's ”Archaeol

Brit” tit I page 20 col 2 ceach; again tit X voc Bealtine, cecha bliadna _each year_ So also O'Brien, cach _all_, _every_, like the French _chaque_ ”Irish Dict” voc cach

[48] The pronouns _cach eile_ and _cach a cheile_ are hardly known in Perthshi+re Instead of the for, and declined like a noun of the singular number; and instead of the latter, a cheile, as in this exaus theich cach, _they met each other; some fell, and the rest fled_ Here cach may be considered as a simple pronoun; but the first clause, choinnich iad a cheile, _they met his fellow_, hardly admits of any satisfactory analysis The phrases, in fact, see to the practice of other districts, thus: choinnich iad cach a chiele; thuit, cuid, agus theich cach eile Now, if cach be nothing else than gach _every_, (a conjecture supported by the short pronunciation of the _a_, as well as by the authorities adduced in the preceding note,) the expressions ach [aon] a cheile; thuit cuid, agus theich gach [aon] eile; _they met every [one] his fellow; some fell, and every other [one] fled_, See 1 Thess v

11

[49] In the older Irish MSS the Particle _do_ appears under a variety of forh antiquity it is often written _dno_ This seems to be its oldest form The two consonants were so pronounced and then written _r_, (See Part I p

19) the ritten doro (See _Astle's Hist of the Orig and Progr

of Writing, page 126, Irish Specimen, No 6_) The Consonants were so the latter Vowel, and the Particle became nod (_O Brien's Ir Dict voc_ Sasat, Treas,) and rod (_id voc_ Ascaim, Fial) Sometimes one of the syllables only was retained; hence no (_O'Br

voc_ No,) ro (_id voc_ Ro,) and do in common use Do likewise suffered a transposition of letters, and ritten sometimes ad (O'Br _voc_ Do)

[50] This correspondence of the Termination with the Root was overlooked in the older editions of the Gaelic Psaluidhaluaisfar, &c

[51] The disposition in the Gaelic to drop articulations has, in this instance, been rather unfortunate; as the want of the _f_ weakens the sound of the word, and often occasions a _hiatus_ There see the _f_ of the Future, after a Liquid, or an aspirated Mute; as, cuirfidh, eillfidh, pronnfidh, brisfidh, &c, for these words lose ed into caithidh, mairidh, &c

[52] The incorporation of the Verb with a Personal pronoun is a radually taken place in ales There is incoy of the Verb, with its _personal_ relation and concomitant circumstances, in one word, than by a periphrasis of pronouns and auxiliaries The latter e in point of precision, but the forth The structure of the Latin and Greek, co illustration of this coed than the French Verb; which, though it possesses a competent variety of _personal_ inflections, yet loses all the benefit of the recurrence of the personal pronouns

In co the Scottish and Irish dialects of the Gaelic, itless of inflection or _incorporation_, than the latter, differs less froue, and is an older branch of the Celtic, than its sister dialect It were unfair, however, to deny that the Irish have ireater variety of inflection to its _Nu a simple Present Tense The authors of our metrical version of the Gaelic Psale possessed by the Irish dialect in these respects, and did not scruple to borrow an idionity to many of their verses

[53] Such at least is the co, in compliance with the coht perhaps be better to retain the full forrave pronunciation, and always in writing It is an object worthy of attention to preserve radical articulations, especially in writing; and particularly to avoid every unnecessary use of the monosyllable _a_, which, it must be confessed, recurs in too many senses

[54] The Preposition iar has here been improperly confounded with air _on_

I have ventured to restore it, from the Irish Granifying _after_ Thus, iar sin _after that_, iar leaghadh an tshoisgeil _after reading the Gospel_, iar sleachdadh do niomlan _after all have kneeled down_, iar seasa up_, &c See ”Irish Book of Conifies not _after_, but _at_ or _on_, air an am so, air an uair so _at this time_, air an la sin _on that day_ There is therefore sufficient reason to believe that, in the case in question, iar is the proper word; and that it has been corruptly supplanted by air

[55] The I _tar_ to the Root This form is still retained in Ireland, and in soual; as, buailtear, deantar

(See the Lord's Prayer in the older editions of the Gaelic Version of the assembly's Catechism; also, the ”Irish N Test” Matt vi 10 Luke xi 2) In other verbs, the _t_ seems to have been dropped in pronunciation It was, however, retained by the Irish in writing, but with an aspiration to indicate its being quiescent; thus, togthar, teilgthear, ”Ir N T” Matt

xxi 21, Mark xi 23, crochthar, Matt xxvii 22 So also the ”Gaelic N

T” 1767, deanthar Matt vi 10, Luke xi 2 In the later publications the _t_ has been oether, hat propriety may be well doubted

[56] To preserve a due correspondence with the pronunciation, the Pass

Part should always terminate in _te_, for in this part of the verb, the _t_ has always its _small_ sound Yet in verbs whereof the characteristic vowel is broad, it is usual to write the terta _raised_, crochta _suspended_ This is done in direct opposition to the pronunciation, ard to the Irish Rule of _Leathan ri leathan_, which in this case, as in raphy

When a verb, whose characteristic vowel is broad, terminates in a Liquid, the final consonant coalesces so closely with the _t_ of the Pass Part

that the _small_ sound of the latter necessarily occasions the like sound in pronouncing the forly the s, by an _i_ inserted before it Thus, l _drink_, Pass Part ilte; pronn _pound_, proinnte; crann _bar_, crainnte; sparr _ram_, spairrte; trus _pack_, truiste But when the verb ends in a mute, whether plain or aspirated, there is no such coalescence between its final consonant and the adjected _t_ of the Participle The final consonant if it be pronounced retains its broad sound There is no good reason fora correspondence of vowels in the Participle, which ought therefore to be written, as it is pronounced, without regard to _Leathan ri leathan_; as, tog _raise_, Pass Part togte; croch _hang_, crochte; sath _thrust_, sathte; cnamh _chew_, cnamhte

The same observations apply, with equal force, to the Pret Subj in which the _t_ of the termination is always pronounced with its _small_ sound, and should therefore be followed by a stadh, chrochtadh

[57] In all _regular_ verbs, the difference between the Affirhtly and partially in the Preterite Tense, (only in the initial forly marked in the Future Tense The Fut Aff ter the voice rests on an articulation, or is cut short by a forcible aspiration Supposing these Tenses to be used by a speaker in reply to a command or a request; by their very structure, the former expresses the softness of compliance; and the latter, the abruptness of a refusal If a co sin, gabh sin, ith sin, the coabhaidh, ithidh; the refusal, by the cha tog, cha ghabh, cha n-ith May not this peculiar variety of for affir the characteristic e?

[58] This part of the verb, being declined and governed like a noun, bears a closer reseht have been properly named the Gerund But as Lhuyd and all the later Irish Graiven it the name of Infinitive, I choose to continue the sae it