Part 35 (1/2)

60 They were not obliged to furnish any to the count.-Ibid. art. 5. See Marc. form. VI. lib. I.

61 ”Ut pagenses Franci, qui caballos habent, c.u.m suis comitibus in hostem pergant.” The counts are forbidden to deprive them of their horses, ”ut hostem facere, et debitos paraveredos secundum antequam consuetudinem exsolvere possint.”-Edict of Pistes in Baluzius, p. 186.

62 Capitulary of Charlemagne, in the year 812, chap. i. Edict of Pistes in the year 864, art. 27.

63 ”Quatuor mansos.” I fancy that what they called ”mansus” was a particular portion of land belonging to a farm where there were bondmen; witness the Capitulary of the year 853, ”apud Sylvac.u.m,” t.i.t. xiv., against those who drove the bondmen from their mansus.

64 See below, chap. 20 of this book.

65 In d.u.c.h.esne, tom. ii p. 287.

66 Ibid., p. 89.

67 See the Capitulary of the year 858, art. 14.

68 They levied also some duties on rivers, where there happened to be a bridge or a pa.s.sage.

69 The census was so generical a word, that they made use of it to express the tolls of rivers, when there was a bridge or ferry to pa.s.s. See the third Capitulary, in the year 803, edition of Baluzius, p. 395, art. 1; and the 5th in the year 819, p. 616. They gave likewise this name to the carriages furnished by the freemen to the king, or to his commissaries, as appears by the Capitulary of Charles the Bald in the year 865, art. 8.

70 The Abbe du Bos, and his followers.

71 See the weakness of the arguments produced by the Abbe du Bos, in the ”Establishment of the French Monarchy,” tom. iii. book VI. chap. xiv.; especially in the inference he draws from a pa.s.sage of Gregory of Tours, concerning a dispute between his church and King Charibert.

72 For instance, by enfranchis.e.m.e.nts.

73 ”Apud Platonem, in Timaeo, vel de natura”.-Ed.

74 Law of the Alemans, chap. xxii.; and the law of the Bavarians, t.i.t. 1. chap. xiv., where the regulations are to be found which the clergy made concerning their order.

75 Book 5th of the Capitularies, chap. ccciii.

76 ”Si ille de capite s...o...b..ne ingenuus sit, et in Puletico publico censitus non est.”-Lib. I. formul. 19.

77 In the year 789, edition of the Capitularies by Baluzius, vol. i. p. 250.

78 ”Et ut ista ingenuitatis pagina firma stabilisque consistat.”-Ibid.

79 ”Pristinaeque libertati donatos, et omni n.o.bis debifo censu solutos.”-Ibid.

80 ”Praeceptum pro Hispanis,” in the year 812, edition of Baluzius, tom. i. p. 500.

81 In the year 844, edition of Baluzius, tom. ii. arts. 1 and 2, p. 27.

82 Third Capitulary of the year 805, arts. 20 and 23, inserted in the Collection of Angezise, book III. art. xv. This is agreeable to that of Charles the Bald, in the year 854, ”apud Attiniac.u.m,” art. 6.

83 ”Undecunque legitime exigebatur.”-Ibid.

84 In the year 812, arts. 10 and 11, edition of Baluzius, tom. i. p. 398.

85 ”Undecunque antiquitus ad partem regis venire solebant.”-Capitulary of the year 812, arts. 10 and 11.

86 In the year 813, art. 6, edition of Baluzius, tom. i, p. 508.

87 ”De illis unde censa exigunt.”-Capitulary of the year 813, art. 6.

88 Book IV. of the Capitularies, art. 37, and inserted in the law of the Lombards.

89 ”Si quis terram tributariam, unde census ad partem nostram exire solebat, susceperit.”-Book IV., of the Capitularies, art. 37.

90 In the year 805, art. 8.

91 ”Unde census ad partem regis exivit antiquitus.”-Capitulary of the year 805, art. 8.

92 ”Censibus vel paraveredis quos Franci homines ad regiam potestatem exsoivere debent.”

93 In the year 864, art. 34, edition of Baluzius, p. 192.

94 ”De illis francis hominibus qui censum regium de suo capite et de suis recellis debeant.”-Ibid.

95 The 28th article of the same edict explains this extremely well; it even makes a distinction between a Roman freedman and a Frank freedman: and we likewise see there that the census was not general; it deserves to be read.

96 As appears by the Capitulary of Charlemagne in the year 813, which we have already quoted.

97 ”Comites.”

98 Qui sunt in truste regis,” t.i.t. 44, art. 4.

99 Book I. formulary 18.

100 From the word ”trew,” which signifies ”faithful” among the Germans.

101 ”Leudes,” ”fideles.”

102 ”Va.s.salli,” ”seniorses”

103 ”Fiscalia.” See the 14th formulary of Marculfus, book I. It is mentioned in the ”Life of St. Maur,” ”dedit fisc.u.m unum”; and in the ”Annals of Metz” in the year 747, ”dedit illi comitatus et fiscos plurimos.” The goods designed for the support of the royal family were called regalia.

104 See the 1st book, t.i.t. I, of the fiefs; and Cujas on that book.

105 Book IX. chap. x.x.xviii.

106 Quos honoraret muneribus, quos ab honore depelleret.”--Ibid. lib. VII.

107 ”Vel reliquis quibusc.u.mque beneficiis, quodc.u.mque ille, vel fiscus noster, in ipsis locis tenuisse noscitur.”-Lib. I. formul. 30.

108 Liv. III. t.i.t. 8, sec. 3.

109 ”Antiquissimo enim tempore sic erat in Dominorum potestate connexum, ut quando vellent possent auferre rem in feudum a se datam; postea vero conventum est ut per annum tantum firmitatem haberent, deinde statutum est ut usque ad vitam fidelis produceretur.”-” Feudorum,” lib. I. t.i.t. 1.

110 It was a kind of precarious tenure which the lord consented or refused to renew every year; as Cujas has observed.