Part 18 (1/2)

3 It is an ancient custom in Algiers for the father of a family to have a treasure concealed in the earth.-”History of the Kingdom of Algiers,” by Laugier de Ta.s.sis.

4 Caesar on the ”Civil War,” book III.

5 Tacitus, lib. VI.

6 ”The Laws of the Saxons,” chap. xviii.

7 See chap. 12 of this book.

8 Supposing a mark of eight ounces of silver to be worth forty-nine livres, and copper twenty sols per pound.

9 ”History of the Civil Wars of the Spaniards in the West Indies.”

10 In France, Law's project was called by this name.

11 ”History of the Church,” by Socrates, lib. II.

12 The Dutch regulate the exchange for almost all Europe, by a kind of determination among themselves, in a manner most agreeable to their own interests. In point of fact, however, if the Dutch undertook to regulate exchange for all Europe, it would be done in a manner most advantageous to themselves, which would not be permitted; and experience further contradicts Montesquieu's statement.-Ed.

13 There is much specie in a place when there is more specie than paper; there is little when there is more paper than specie.

14 With the expenses of carriage and insurance deducted.

15 In 1744.

16 See book XX. cha. xxi.

17 Plinny's ”natural History.” lib. x.x.xIII. art. 13.

18 Pliny's ”Natural History,” lib. x.x.xIII. art. 13.

19 They received ten ounces of copper for twenty.

20 They received sixteen ounces of copper for twenty.

21 Pliny, lib. x.x.xIII. art. 5.

22 Freinshemius, lib. V. of the 2d decad.

23 Ibid. They struck also, says the same author, half-denarii, called quinarii; and quarters, called sesterces.

24 An eighth, according to Budaeus; according to other authors, a seventh.

25 Pliny's ”Nat. Hist.” lib. x.x.xIII. art. 13.

26 Ibid.

27 See Father Joubert's ”Science of Medals,” Paris edit. of 1739, p. 59.

28 ”Extract of Virtues and Vices.”

29 See ”Savote,” part II. chap. xii., and ”Le Journal des Savants” of the 28th of July, on a discovery of fifty thousand medals.

30 See ”Savote,” ibid.

31 Ibid.

32 Chap. 16.

33 Elizabeth, daughter of Peter I.Ed.

34 The mistake here is apparent, bankers and money-changers being by no means identical.-Ed.

35 England.

36 We do not speak here of gold and silver considered as a merchandise.

37 Cicero a.s.sures us that in his day money was lent at Rome at thirty-four per cent., and forty-eight per cent. in the country.-Ed.

38 Tacit. ”Annal.” lib. VI.

39 Usury and interest among the Romans signified the same thing.

40 See Dionysius Halicarna.s.sus, who has described it so well.

41 ”Usurae semisses, trientes, quadrantes.” See the several t.i.tles of the digests and codes on usury, and especially the I7th law, with the note ff. ”de Usuris.”