Part 16 (1/2)
79 The sea to which we give this name was called by the ancients the Gulf of Arabia; the name of Red Sea they gave to that part of the ocean which borders on this gulf.
80 Strabo, lib. XVI.
81 Ibid. Artemidorus settled the borders of the known coast at the place called Austricornu; and Eratosthenes, Cinnamomiferam.
82 Lib. I. cap. vii.; lib. IV. cap. ix. table 4 of Africa.
83 This Periplus is attributed to Arrian.
84 Ptol. lib. IV. cap. ix.
85 Lib. IV. cap. vii. and viii 86 See what exact descriptions Strabo and Ptolemy have given us of the different parts of Africa. Their knowledge was owing to the several wars which the two most powerful nations in the world had waged with the people of Africa, to the alliances they had contracted, and to the trade they had carried on with those countries.
87 Lib. VII. cap. iii.
88 See his ”Periplus,” under the article of Carthage.
89 See Herodotus, in ”Melpomene,” on the obstacles which Sataspes encountered.
90 See the charts and relations in the first volume of ”Voyages that contributed to the establishment of an East India company,” part 1. p. 201. This weed covers the surface of the water in such a manner as to be scarcely perceived, and s.h.i.+ps can only pa.s.s through it with a stiff gale.
91 Pliny tells us the same thing, speaking of Mount Atlas: ”Noctibus micare crebris ignibus, tibiarum cantu timpanorumque sonitu strepere, neminem interdiu cerni.'
92 Mr. Dodwell. See his Dissertation on Hanno's ”Periplus.”
93 ”Of Wonderful Things.”
94 Diodorus speaks of the Phnicians in this relation, and not of the Carthaginians.-Ed.
95 Lib. III.
96 Lib. VI.
97 ”Mons Argentarius.”
98 He had some share in their management.
99 See Festus Avienus.
100 Strabo, lib. III., towards the end 101 He was rewarded by the senate of Carthage.
102 Montesquieu has been found fault with in this construction, as though he were giving the impression that there was more than one North Star.-Ed.
103 Frenshemius's Supplement to Livy, 2d Decad.
104 In the parts subject to the Carthaginians.
105 Justin, lib. XLIII. cap. v.
106 See Strabo, lib. X.
107 He confirmed the liberty of the city of Amisus, an Athenian colony which had enjoyed a popular government, even under the kings of Persia. Lucullus having taken Sinone and Amisus, restored them to their liberty, and recalled the inhabitants, who had fled on board their s.h.i.+ps.
108 See what Appian writes concerning the Phanagoreans, the Amisians, and the Synoplans, in his treatise of the Mithridatic war.
109 See Appian, in regard to the immense treasures which Mithridates employed in his wars, those which he had buried, those which he frequently lost by the treachery of his own people, and those which were found after his death.
110 See Appian on the Mithridatic war.
111 Ibid.
112 He lost at one time 170,000 men, yet he soon recruited his armies.
113 In the ”Considerations on the Causes of the Rise and Declension of the Roman Grandeur.”
114 As Plato has observed, lib. IV., of Laws.
115 Polybius, lib. V.
116 See the ”Considerations on the Causes of the Rise and Declension of the Roman Grandeur.”
117 Ibid.
118 Leg. v. ff. ”de Captivis.”
119 Quae mercimoniis public praefuit.-Leg. v. cod. ”de natural. liberis.”
120 Leg. ad barbaric.u.m cod. quae res exportari non debeant.
121 Leg. 2 cod. de commerce. et mercator.
122 Leg. 2 quae res exportari non debeant, and Procopius, ”War of the Persians,” book I.
123 See the Chronicles of Eusebius and Cedrenus.
124 See the ”Considerations on the Causes of the Rise and Declension of the Roman Grandeur.”
125 Pliny, lib. VI. cap. xxviii., and Strabo, lib. XVI.
126 Ibid.
127 The caravans of Aleppo and Suez carry thither annually to the value of about two millions of livres, and as much more clandestinely; the royal vessel of Suez carries thither also two millions.
128 Lib. II. p. 81.
129 Lib. VI. cap. xxiii.