Part 5 (2/2)

The temperature does not fall at night.

The signs most to be heeded are the s.h.i.+ft of wind to a point east of north or south, the gradual filming of the sky with cirrus and cirro-stratus, and the increase of temperature. Of course, the barometer is the best indicator of all.

Look for a change toward clearing when: The wind s.h.i.+fts from the easterly quarter into the west.

The temperature falls rapidly.

The clouds rise, or break, or lighten perceptibly in color.

Patches of blue sky appear through the rifts in the clouds, wind north.

Raindrops grow smaller after the winds.h.i.+ft.

Snowflakes drive less busily, float lazily down, or thin out conspicuously.

Seams appear in the clouds, snow will cease and rain probably.

The thunder and lightning occur only in the eastern quarter.

Permanent clearing will not be effected until the change of the wind to the points on the western half of the compa.s.s show that the cyclone has definitely pa.s.sed to the north or south or over the locality. In winter the cloud covering may move off slowly, but there will be little precipitation after the wind has reached north or west. The bank of cirro-stratus gets thinner and the moon or the sun gradually s.h.i.+nes through. In summer clearing is much more abrupt, as is the clouding up. The ability to sense accurately the moment when the weights are s.h.i.+fted and the change to clearing commences takes some observation to acquire, but the advantage is worth it.

Rain (or snow) will fall: Within five minutes after the arch of the thundercloud is seen to move toward one.

Within five minutes when the curtain of falling drops obscures the landscape to the west of one.

Within a few minutes after the bottoms of c.u.mulus clouds turn from black to gray, letting down visible trailing showers.

Within a short while after the winter sky has become uniform in color.

Within an hour after the pavement-like, but scarcely discernible, thundercloud consolidates along the west, if the wind is from the southwest. If the wind is from the southeast this cloud may take four hours to rise.

From two to eight hours after the sun or moon has vanished behind the cirro-stratus.

From eight to forty-eight hours after the first cirrus is seen, depending upon the distance from the sea and the time of year.

Every little while from southwest showers in the pa.s.sing of a summer low.

For about eight to twelve hours continuously in a winter storm, and intermittently until the wind swings west.

For a very short while from a thunder cloud rising on a west wind.

For an hour or more from a thundercloud that rises on a southwest or southeast wind.

The temperature will fall when: A thunderstorm breaks, continuing low if the wind blows from the west after clearing.

Nightfall approaches and the sky is free from clouds.

The mercury remains at the same level during the sunny hours.

A cyclone is departing and the anticyclone moving in.

The wind swings north of east in a storm,--the fall will be gradual.

The wind swings west of south in a storm,--the fall will be sudden.

A snowstorm begins, for a short time only.

A cloudy day clears at sunset.

Snow flurries are seen.

The sky shows green and the clouds look hard.

The temperature will rise when: A thunderstorm is brewing, or a day or two before a winter cyclone.

After a thunderstorm if another is to follow.

The morning is free from clouds and if it is not the first day of a cold wave.

The wind dips south of west or south of northeast, the former s.h.i.+ft bringing the more sudden rise.

The sun sets as a ball of fire, at which one can easily look.

A snowstorm gets under way, unless the wind is swinging toward the north.

A PAGE OF PROBLEMS.

One satisfying thing about meteorology is that there is a constantly widening field for conquest. Among the questions that await solution are: What are the relative densities of clouds?

What is the original atmospheric electricity, its distribution and laws?

What are the causes and nature of precipitation?

Will aerial ascents on all sides of an atmospheric disturbance discover the mechanism of storms?

What relations are there of solar radiation to our atmosphere?

What influence do lunar tides bear to our weather?

On what does the permanence of the summer lows over the Rockies depend?

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