Part 112 (1/2)

General Scott hesitated...public would diminish: James A. Rawley, Turning Points of the Civil War (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966), pp. 5253.

McDowell's plan: John G. Nicolay, The Outbreak of Rebellion. Campaigns of the Civil War, new introduction by Mark E. Neeley, Jr. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1881; New York: Da Capo Press, 1995), p. 173.

”a terrible...ferocious warriors”: Entry for August 1861, in Adam Gurowski, Diary from March 4, 1861 to November 12, 1862. Burt Franklin: Research & Source Works #229 (Boston, 1862; New York: Burt Franklin, 1968), pp. 7879.

”Foreigners...drive them off”: EB to James O. Broadhead, July 13, 1861, James Overton Broadhead Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Mo. [hereafter Broadhead Papers, Mos.h.i.+].

troop strengths: Rawley, Turning Points of the Civil War, p. 54.

On June 29...approved McDowell's plan: Nicolay, Outbreak of Rebellion, p. 173.

The Battle of Bull Run: Many battles of the Civil War came to be known by different names within the Union and the Confederacy. The first battle at Mana.s.sas Junction, for example, would be known as the Battle of Bull Run in the North and the Battle of Mana.s.sas in the South. As James M. McPherson explains, ”In each case but one (s.h.i.+loh) the Confederates named the battle after the town that served as their base, while the Union forces chose the landmark nearest to the fighting or to their own lines, usually a river or stream.” In the case of s.h.i.+loh, the Confederates named the battle for a nearby church, McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 346 n7.

”roar of the artillery...grew intense”: Grimsley, ”Six Months in the White House,” JISHS, p. 65.

”stop the roar in [her] ears”: EBL to SPL, July 21, 1861, in Wartime Was.h.i.+ngton, ed. Laas, p. 65.

”an unusually heavy...this time to-morrow”: Entry for July 21, 1861, in Russell, My Diary North and South, p. 449.

In the crowded s.p.a.ce...responsibilities: David Homer Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office: Recollections of the United States Military Telegraph Corps during the Civil War, introduction by James A. Rawley (New York: Century Co., 1907; Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1995), p. 87.

and read aloud...”with joy”: NYT, July 22, 1861 (quote); NYT, July 26, 1861.

”There is Jackson...like a stone wall”: Poore, Perley's Reminiscences, Vol. II, p. 85.

At 3 p.m....fifteen-minute intervals: Entry for July 21, 1861, in Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 55.

The telegraph line...Telegraph Corps: Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, p. 88.

”a small three-storied”...description of headquarters: Entry for July 19, 1861, in Russell, My Diary North and South, p. 431.

”his confidence...President left”: JGN to TB, July 21, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

”the Union Army...victory”: Seward, Seward at Was.h.i.+ngton...18461861, p. 598.

Bates confided his anxiety: Cain, Lincoln's Attorney General, p. 153; entry for July 21, 1861, in Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 55.

”the first time he ever left home”: Entry for July 5, 1861, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 18591866, p. 188.

a new intimacy with his president: Cain, Lincoln's Attorney General, p. 153.

”A sudden swoop...behind them”: Edmund C. Stedman, The Battle of Bull Run (New York: Rudd & Carleton, 1861), p. 32.

”never stopped...New-York”: Janet Chase Hoyt, ”A Woman's Memories,” NYTrib, June 7, 1891.

”Army wagons...sights and sounds”: Stedman, The Battle of Bull Run, p. 35.

”General McDowell's...of the Army”: Seward, Seward at Was.h.i.+ngton...18461861, p. 598.

”a terribly frightened...to Gen. Scott's”: JGN to TB, July 21, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.