Part 109 (1/2)

”We never saw”...soon be fifteen: Daily Picayune, New Orleans, April 19, 1861, morning edition (first and second quote), afternoon edition (third quote).

”the very best...in the field”: General Winfield Scott, quoted in The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, ed. Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin (Boston: Little, Brown, for the Virginia Civil War Commission, 1961), p. 3.

Lincoln had designated Blair: Robert E. Lee to Reverdy Johnson, February 25, 1868, in Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, p. 4.

”I come to you...the Union army?”: FPB, quoted in William Ernest Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics, Vol. II (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1933), p. 17.

”as candidly and as courteously”: Lee to Johnson, February 25, 1868, in Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, p. 4.

”Mr. Blair...my native state?”: R. E. Lee, quoted in National Intelligencer, Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C., August 9, 1866.

Lee called upon old General Scott: Lee to Johnson, February 25, 1868, in Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, p. 4

he contacted Scott...”be dear to me”: Lee to Scott, April 20, 1861, in ibid., pp. 89 (quotes p. 9).

”Now we are in...draw my sword”: Lee to Anne Marshall, April 20, 1861, in ibid., pp. 910.

Lee was designated...Virginia state forces: Ibid., pp. 3, 4, 5.

Benjamin Hardin Helm: ”Helm, Benjamin Hardin (18311863),” in Stewart Sifakis, Who Was Who in the Confederacy (New York: Facts on File, 1988), p. 125.

While conducting business...”liking of men”: Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 127.

”Southern-rights Democrat”: Ibid., pp. 128, 183.

”Ben, here is...your honor bid”: Daily Picayune, New Orleans, March 14, 1897 (quotes); AL to Simon Cameron, April 16, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 335.

Helm unable to sleep...”hour of his life”: Daily Picayune, New Orleans, March 14, 1897.

a Commission in the Confederate Army: ”Helm, Benjamin Hardin,” in Sifakis, Who Was Who in the Confederacy, p. 125.

Seward argued...seize vessels: Ivan Musicant, Divided Waters: The Naval History of the Civil War (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), pp. 5152.

Welles countered...exiting s.h.i.+ps: Niven, Gideon Welles, p. 356; Musicant, Divided Waters, p. 51.

The cabinet split down the middle: Niven, Gideon Welles, p. 356.

formal blockade proclamation: AL, ”Proclamation of a Blockade,” April 19, 1861, in CW, IV, pp. 33839.

Welles and the Navy Department: Robert V. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War (Indianapolis and New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956), pp. 6, 16; Musicant, Divided Waters, pp. 4143.

a wedding celebration: Grimsley, ”Six Months in the White House,” JISHS, p. 51; Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 9.

”would soon secede...Confederacy”: Craig L. Symonds, ”Buchanan, Franklin,” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, ed. Heidler and Heidler, p. 303.

Buchanan resigned...”from this date”: Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 16 (quote); ”Buchanan, Franklin (18001874),” in Sifakis, Who Was Who in the Confederacy, p. 40.

the Norfolk Navy Yard: Musicant, Divided Waters, pp. 2829.

”extreme uneasiness...made by the first”: Entry for April 18, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.