Part 13 (1/2)

Large tracts of valuable land, timber, etc., made available.

Highway--need of such between East and West. Difficulties to be overcome, ca.n.a.l, s.h.i.+ps. Compet.i.tion of railways, How? Cla.s.ses of goods back and forth. Avenue to and from the wheat land.

_IV. Sub-topic 3.--Importance industrially:_

Great commercial centres--where located and why? Water powers, elevators, manufacturing of raw materials made available in the large areas; Immigration; Fis.h.i.+ng.

STUDY OF BACTERIA

_I. Topic.--Bacteria:_

What they are; relations, comparisons; other plants in same cla.s.s, or those of higher orders; size, shape; where found; conditions of growth; propagation; modes of distribution; etc.

_II. Sub-topic 1.--Our interest in bacteria, arising out of the injury or good they do:_

(_a_) Injury: Decay of fruits, trees, tissues, etc., diseases--diphtheria, typhoid, tuberculosis; how developed, conditions, favourable toxins.

(_b_) Benefits: In soil, cheese, b.u.t.ter, etc.; chemical action, building new compounds and breaking up other compounds.

_III. Sub-topic 2.--Our interest in controlling them; the methods based on mode and conditions of growth, etc.:_

(_a_) Prevention: Eliminating favourable conditions; low temperature, high temperatures, cleanliness; sewerage disposal; clean cow-stables, cellars, kitchens, etc.; antiseptics--carbolic, formalin, sugar for fruit, sealing up; quarantine, vaccination, ant.i.toxin.

(_b_) Cultures,--alfalfa, cheese, b.u.t.ter, under control.

GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE

_I. Topic.--Europe:_

What interest to us; why we study it; position, lat.i.tude, near water, boundaries, size; Surface features--highlands, lowlands, drainage rivers, coast-line, etc. Climate--temperature (means, Jan., July), wind, moisture.

_II. Sub-topic 1.--Products (based on above conditions):_

Vegetation, animal, mineral; vary over area according to physical climatic, and geological conditions; Kinds of products of each cla.s.s, in each area, etc.

_III. Sub-topic 2.--Occupations (based on Lesson II):_

Study of operations and conditions favourable and unfavourable under which each product is produced, gathered, and manufactured.

Industries, arising from work on the raw materials.

_IV. Sub-topic 3.--Trade and Commerce (based on Lessons II and III):_

Transportation, producers selling and manufacturers buying raw material, distributed to homes in country and city, to factories within the region itself, to regions beyond, across oceans, etc.

Manufactured products sent out, exports and imports.

_V. Sub-topic 4.--Civil advantages (based on Lessons I, III, and IV):_