Part 1 (1/2)

Noteworthy Records of Bats From Nicaragua, with a Checklist of the Chiropteran Fauna of the Country.

by J. Knox Jones and James Dale Smith and Ronald W. Turner.

Nicaragua occupies a strategic position in Central America with respect to mammalian distributional patterns, but relatively little has been published concerning the fauna of the country and its zoogeographic relations.h.i.+ps. The present paper records information on distribution, variation, and natural history of 40 species of bats from Nicaragua, 14 of which are here recorded for the first time from the country.

Appended is a checklist of the chiropteran fauna of Nicaragua in which only primary literature with actual reference to specimens from the republic is cited.

The specimens upon which this report is based are, with few exceptions, in the collections of the Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas. Some of our material was obtained in 1956 by J. R. and A. A.

Alcorn, field representatives of the Museum and sponsored by the Kansas University Endowment a.s.sociation; most of the specimens, however, were obtained by field parties of which we were members that worked in Nicaragua in 1964, 1966, 1967, and 1968 under the aegis of a contract (DA-49-193-MD-2215) between the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command and The University of Kansas. Place-names a.s.sociated with localities mentioned in the text from which specimens at Kansas were collected are plotted on Fig. 1.

[1] Curator, Division of Mammals, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas.

[2] a.s.sistant Professor, Department of Biology, California State College, Fullerton, California.

[3] a.s.sistant Professor, Department of Biology, St. Benedicts College, Atchison, Kansas.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 1.--Map of Nicaragua showing location of place-names a.s.sociated with specimens reported in this paper.

Localities, identified by number, are as follows: I, Potosi; 2, Cosiguina; 3, Hda. Bellavista, Volcan Casita; 4, Chinandega; 5, San Antonio; 6, Jalapa; 7, Condega; 8, Yali; 9, Santa Maria de Ostuma; 10, San Ramon; 11, Matagalpa; 12, Dario; 13, Esquipulas; 14, Santa Rosa; 15, Boaco; 16, Teustepe; 17, Tipitapa; 18, Sabana Grande; 19, Managua; 20, Cuapa; 21, Villa Somoza; 22, Hato Grande; 23, Diriamba; 24, Guanacaste; 25, Mecatepe; 26, Nandaime; 27, Alta Gracia, Isla de Ometepe; 28, Merida, Isla de Ometepe; 29, Rivas; 30, San Juan del Sur; 31, Sapoa; 32, Bonanza; 33, El Recreo; 34, Cara de Mono.]

In the accounts that follow, departments in Nicaragua are listed alphabetically, but localities within each department are arranged from north to south; elevations are given in meters or feet, depending on which was used on specimen labels. All specimens are in the Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas unless noted otherwise. We are indebted to Drs. Charles O. Handley, Jr., and Ronald Pine of the U.S. National Museum (USNM) for lending us certain critical specimens.

ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES

Saccopteryx leptura (Schreber, 1774)

Two specimens from El Paraiso, 1 km N Cosiguina, 20 m, Chinandega, on the Cosiguina Peninsula, provide the fourth locality of record for this white-lined bat in Nicaragua. Jones (1964a:506) and Davis _et al._ (1964:375) earlier reported a total of eight specimens from the departments of Managua and Zelaya. The species is known as far north in Middle America as Chiapas (Carter _et al._, 1966:489).

Our two bats, both females, were shot on the evening of 1 March 1968 as they foraged around a yard light. One carried an embryo that measured 8 mm (crown-rump), whereas the other was reproductively inactive.

Peropteryx macrotis macrotis (Wagner, 1843)

Four females (one young and three adult) captured 5 km N and 9 km E Condega, 800 m, in Madriz, on 23 June 1964, provide the first record of this small sac-winged species from Nicaragua. The bats were shot from daytime roosts in small, well-lighted, cave-like s.p.a.ces formed among immense blocks of granite in a small patch of tropical deciduous forest surrounded by extensive pine-oak woodland. None of the adult females was reproductively active. _Glossophaga soricina_, _Diphylla ecaudata_, and a large nursery colony of _Desmodus rotundus_ were found in a.s.sociation with the _Peropteryx_. Measurements of our specimens agree closely with those reported for material from El Salvador (Felten, 1955:284) and Costa Rica (Starrett and Casebeer, 1968:3-4).

Noctilio l.a.b.i.alis l.a.b.i.alis (Kerr, 1792)

_Specimens._--_Boaco_: 4 km W Teustepe, 140 m, 9. _Chontales_: Hato Grande, 13 km S, 8 km W Juigalpa, 60 m, 49. _Rivas_: 4 km S, 1.5 km E Alta Gracia, 40 m, Isla de Ometepe, 1; Finca Amayo, 13 km S, 14 km E Rivas, 40 m, 4. _Zelaya_: S side Rio Mico, El Recreo, 25 m, 1; Cara de Mono, 50 m, 2.

This species has been reported previously from Nicaragua by several authors. All our specimens were netted over small streams or shot as they foraged; parts of scarabids and lepidopterans were found in the mouths of several individuals shot at Finca Amayo. Twenty-six of 31 autopsied females taken in April were pregnant, each containing a single embryo--average crown-rump length 16.7 (5-26) mm. Testes of 15 males collected in April had an average length of 4.6 (2-7) mm, those of four taken in June, 5.2 (4-6) mm.

We follow Cabrera (1958:55), Husson (1962:63), and Handley (1966b:758) in use of the subspecific name _l.a.b.i.alis,_ the type locality of which is the ”Mosquito sh.o.r.e” of Nicaragua, rather than Peru as suggested by Hershkovitz (1949:433-434).

Noctilio leporinus mexica.n.u.s Goldman, 1915

_Specimens._--_Chinandega_: Potosi, 5 m, 2. _Chontales_: Hato Grande, 13 km S, 8 km W Juigalpa, 60 m, 4. _Rivas_: 4 km S, 1.5 km E Alta Gracia, 40 m, Isla de Ometepe, 4; Merida, 40 m, Isla de Ometepe, 2; Finca Amayo, 13 km S, 14 km E Rivas, 40 m, 1.