Part 55 (1/2)

[1275] Leatham, _Socialism and Character_, p. 96.

[1276] See Mencius' Works in Legge's _Chinese Cla.s.sics_; Euripides, _The Suppliants_; Aristotle, _Politics_, vii. 5; Aristophanes, _Ecclesiazusae_ and _Plutus_; Plutarch, _Tiberius Gracchus_, 9; Livius, ii. 32; Sall.u.s.t, _Catiline's Conspiracy_, 20, 23, 37-39; Virgil, _Georgics_, i. 125; Tibullus, i. 3, 35 Propertius, ii. 13, iii. 5, 11; Seneca, _Epistles_, 90, &c.

[1277] Taylor, _Statistics of Coal_, p. xxi.

[1278] See _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, 8th edition, 1853-1860, articles: Cotton, Iron, Railways; Meyer, _Konversations Lexikon_, 1839-1855, article: Grossbritannien; Porter, _Progress of the Nation_, 1847; MacCulloch, _British Empire_, 1846; MacCulloch, _Dictionary of Commerce_, 1847; Macgregor, _Commercial Statistics_, 1844-1850, &c.

[1279] See _Board of Trade Labour Gazette_ and _Reichs Arbeitsblatt_.

[1280] Ellis Barker, _Modern Germany_, 546 ff.

[1281] Burns, _Labour and Drink_, pp. 15, 18.

[1282] Newman, _The Health of the State_, p. 189.

[1283] Whittaker, _Drink Problem_, p. 10.

[1284] McMillan, _The Child and the State_, p. 4.

[1285] Newman, _Health of the State_, p. 194.

[1286] See _Reports of the Mosely Industrial Commission to the United States_; _The Bra.s.sworkers of Berlin and of Birmingham_; _The Gainsborough Commission, Life and Labour in Germany_; Horsfall, _The Improvement of the Dwellings--The Example of Germany_; Marr, _Housing Conditions in Manchester_; _City of Birmingham, Report of the Housing Committee_; Steele, _The Working Cla.s.ses in France_; Rowntree and Sherwell, _The Temperance Problem_; Rowntree, _Poverty_; the publication of Charles Booth, &c.

APPENDIX

OFFICIAL PROGRAMMES OF THE SOCIALISTIC ORGANISATIONS

SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FEDERATION

_Programme and Rules as revised previous to the Annual Conference held at the Labour Inst.i.tute, Bradford, Easter 1906_

_Object._--The Social-Democratic Federation is a part of the International Social-Democracy. It believes:--

1. That the emanc.i.p.ation of the working cla.s.s can only be achieved through the socialisation of the means of production, distribution, and exchange, and their subsequent control by the organised community in the interests of the whole people.

2. That, as the proletariat is the last cla.s.s to achieve freedom, its emanc.i.p.ation will mean the emanc.i.p.ation of the whole of mankind, without distinction of race, nationality, creed, or s.e.x.

3. That this emanc.i.p.ation can only be the work of the working cla.s.s itself,[1287] organised nationally and internationally into a distinct political party, consciously striving after the realisation of its ideals: and, finally,

4. That, in order to ensure greater material and moral facilities for the working cla.s.s to organise itself and to carry on the cla.s.s war, the following reforms must immediately be carried through:--

IMMEDIATE REFORMS

_Political._--Abolition of the Monarchy.

Democratisation of the Governmental machinery, viz. Abolition of the House of Lords, Payment of Members of Legislative and Administrative bodies. Payment of Official Expenses of Elections out of the Public Funds, Adult Suffrage, Proportional Representation, Triennial Parliaments, Second Ballot, Initiative, and Referendum. Foreigners to be granted rights of citizens.h.i.+p after two years' residence in the country, without any fees. Canva.s.sing to be made illegal. All elections to take place on one day, such day to be made a legal holiday and all premises licensed for the sale of intoxicating liquors to be closed.

Legislation by the people in such wise that no legislative proposal shall become law until ratified by the majority of the people.