Part 59 (1/2)

On February 4: Ibid., 301. Ibid., 301.

Then the subject turned to Governor Wallace: H. R. Haldeman, H. R. Haldeman, The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1994), 24344. (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1994), 24344.

When he traveled to the Midwest: Bruce Oudes, ed., Bruce Oudes, ed., From: The President: Richard Nixon's Secret Files From: The President: Richard Nixon's Secret Files (New York: HarperCollins, 1989), 226. Nixon and Quaker pacifism: ”Excerpts from the Interview Granted by President Nixon on Foreign Affairs,” NYT, March 10, 1971; ”Quakers a.s.sail Nixon War Stand,” NYT, April 8, 1971. (New York: HarperCollins, 1989), 226. Nixon and Quaker pacifism: ”Excerpts from the Interview Granted by President Nixon on Foreign Affairs,” NYT, March 10, 1971; ”Quakers a.s.sail Nixon War Stand,” NYT, April 8, 1971.

Selling of the Pentagon: ”Police, Protesters Clash as Agnew Vilifies Media,” Harvard Crimson, Harvard Crimson, March 19, 1971, /article.aspx?ref=355478; ”The Year Archie Bunker Came In and Lawrence Welk Went Out,” NYT, January 2, 1972. March 19, 1971, /article.aspx?ref=355478; ”The Year Archie Bunker Came In and Lawrence Welk Went Out,” NYT, January 2, 1972. TV critic Jack Gould: TV critic Jack Gould: ”TV: CBS Explores Pentagon Propaganda Costs,” NYT, February 24, 1971. ”TV: CBS Explores Pentagon Propaganda Costs,” NYT, February 24, 1971.

The Was.h.i.+ngton Post Was.h.i.+ngton Post took Agnew's side: took Agnew's side: ”Mr. Agnew versus CBS versus the DOD,” WP, March 26, 1971. ”Mr. Agnew versus CBS versus the DOD,” WP, March 26, 1971. Unconvinced, one group of Republican: Unconvinced, one group of Republican: James Mann, ”Close Up: Young Rumsfeld,” James Mann, ”Close Up: Young Rumsfeld,” Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, November 2003. Bob Dole on ”new Chamberlains”: ”Democrats Scored by Dole on Vietnam,” NYT, March 7, 1971. November 2003. Bob Dole on ”new Chamberlains”: ”Democrats Scored by Dole on Vietnam,” NYT, March 7, 1971.

Pat Buchanan, in a March 24 memo: Sch.e.l.l, Sch.e.l.l, Time of Illusion, Time of Illusion, 180. 180. ”Another Stormy Spring Foreseen”: ”Another Stormy Spring Foreseen”: NYT, March 26, 1971, 20. NYT, March 26, 1971, 20.

”Sinatra has the makings”: Oudes, ed., Oudes, ed., From: The President, From: The President, 225. 225.

Senator Sam Ervin was on the case: Karl E. Campbell, ”Senator Sam Ervin and the Army Spy Scandal of 19701971: Balancing National Security and Civil Liberties in a Free Society,” Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission, /senator%20sam%20ervin.htm. Karl E. Campbell, ”Senator Sam Ervin and the Army Spy Scandal of 19701971: Balancing National Security and Civil Liberties in a Free Society,” Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission, /senator%20sam%20ervin.htm.

Weather Underground bomb: ”Capitol Rich in History Where Bomb Exploded,” NYT, March 2, 1971. ”Capitol Rich in History Where Bomb Exploded,” NYT, March 2, 1971.

”self-discipline on the part of the executive branch”: Sch.e.l.l, Sch.e.l.l, Time of Illusion, Time of Illusion, 155. 155.

Dairy industry scandal: Ibid., 146; Fawn Brodie, Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 34; (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 34; United States v. John Connally, United States v. John Connally, CR 74-440, 349, Exhibit 1, full transcript of conversations. CR 74-440, 349, Exhibit 1, full transcript of conversations.

CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN: CRUELEST MONTH.

On March 20, alongside Route 9: David Cortright, David Cortright, Soldiers in Revolt: GI Resistance During the Vietnam War Soldiers in Revolt: GI Resistance During the Vietnam War (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2005), 3738. (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2005), 3738.

”I just work hard at surviving”: Ibid., 33. Ibid., 33. At Fort Bliss, soldiers: At Fort Bliss, soldiers: Christian Appy, Christian Appy, Working Cla.s.s War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam Working Cla.s.s War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 93. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 93. AWOLs went up fivefold: AWOLs went up fivefold: Jane Fonda, Jane Fonda, My Life So Far My Life So Far (New York: Random House, 2005), 224. (New York: Random House, 2005), 224. But if MPs did that now: But if MPs did that now: Mary Hershberger, Mary Hershberger, Jane Fonda's War: A Political Biography of an Antiwar Icon Jane Fonda's War: A Political Biography of an Antiwar Icon (New York: New Press, 2005), 19. (New York: New Press, 2005), 19. ”The unwilling, led by”: ”The unwilling, led by”: Appy, Appy, Working Cla.s.s War, Working Cla.s.s War, 43, 30. 43, 30. ”What are you going to do”: ”What are you going to do”: Ibid., 253. Ibid., 253.

The Student Mobilization Committee started: Jerry Lembcke, Jerry Lembcke, The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam (New York: NYU Press, 1998), 41. New York Times (New York: NYU Press, 1998), 41. New York Times columnist: columnist: ”A Whiff of Mutiny in Vietnam,” NYT, August 27, 1969. ”A Whiff of Mutiny in Vietnam,” NYT, August 27, 1969.

A sergeant wrote on behalf: Lembcke, Lembcke, Spitting Image, Spitting Image, 47. Life 47. Life interviewed one hundred soldiers: Life, interviewed one hundred soldiers: Life, October 24, 1969. October 24, 1969.

Vietnamese-speaking psy-ops: Tom Wells, Tom Wells, The War Within: America's Battle over Vietnam The War Within: America's Battle over Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 340. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 340. Aircraft carrier crews grounded: Aircraft carrier crews grounded: ”Pentagon Papers Chase,” ”Pentagon Papers Chase,” Nation, Nation, July 9, 2001. Amphetamines, marijuana, heroin: Appy, July 9, 2001. Amphetamines, marijuana, heroin: Appy, Working Cla.s.s War, Working Cla.s.s War, 28385. 28385.

FTA: Hershberger, Hershberger, Jane Fonda's War, Jane Fonda's War, 4246; 4246; F.T.A. F.T.A. (dir. Francine Parker, 1972). (dir. Francine Parker, 1972).

One officer walked around: Wells, Wells, War Within, War Within, 297. 297.

The Post Post quoted an audience member: quoted an audience member: ”GI Movement: A Show to Call Its Own,” WP, March 15, 1971. ”GI Movement: A Show to Call Its Own,” WP, March 15, 1971.

In public hearings, Vietnam Veterans Against the War: Lembcke, Lembcke, Spitting Image, Spitting Image, 57. 57. They marched eighty-six miles: They marched eighty-six miles: Ibid., 5758. Ibid., 5758.

”Winter Soldier” hearings: Hershberger, Hershberger, Jane Fonda's War, Jane Fonda's War, 2734; Gerald Nicosia, 2734; Gerald Nicosia, Home to War: A History of the Vietnam Veterans Movement Home to War: A History of the Vietnam Veterans Movement (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004), 7992. (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004), 7992. A A Times Times dispatch: dispatch: ”'War Crimes' Testimony,” April 7, 1971. ”'War Crimes' Testimony,” April 7, 1971.

Hugh Hefner donated: Nicosia, Nicosia, Home to War Home to War, 91. Vietnam Veterans Against the War press conference: Ibid., 103.

Their press release was devastating: Wells, War Within, War Within, 480. 480.

Dentists fitting draft-avoiders with orthodontics: Appy, Working Cla.s.s War, Working Cla.s.s War, 33. 33.

”It seemed like the silliest”: ”Confessions of Lieutenant Calley,” ”Confessions of Lieutenant Calley,” Esquire, Esquire, November 1970. November 1970.

My account of Lieutenant Calley's court-martial and aftermath is drawn from Michal R. Belknap, The Vietnam War on Trial: The My Lai Ma.s.sacre and Court-Martial of Lieutenant Calley The Vietnam War on Trial: The My Lai Ma.s.sacre and Court-Martial of Lieutenant Calley (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002); James Stuart Olson and Randy Roberts, eds., (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002); James Stuart Olson and Randy Roberts, eds., My Lai: A Brief History with Doc.u.ments My Lai: A Brief History with Doc.u.ments (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1998); Wayne Greenshaw, (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1998); Wayne Greenshaw, The Making of a Hero: The Story of Lieut. William Calley Jr. The Making of a Hero: The Story of Lieut. William Calley Jr. (New York: Touchstone, 1971); and William Greider, ”Calley's Trial: The Moral Question and Battlefield Laws,” WP, April 5, 1971. (New York: Touchstone, 1971); and William Greider, ”Calley's Trial: The Moral Question and Battlefield Laws,” WP, April 5, 1971.

On April 5 Senator Hatfield read: ”No Pentagon Study on Viet Civilian Deaths,” LAT, April 6, 1971. ”No Pentagon Study on Viet Civilian Deaths,” LAT, April 6, 1971. The The Times, Times, did, however: did, however: NYT, April 8, 1971, 7. NYT, April 8, 1971, 7.

Before you go on tonight: Richard Reeves, President Nixon: Alone in the White House President Nixon: Alone in the White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 185. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 185.

The speech was the usual: PPP 135, April 7, 1971, with audio. PPP 135, April 7, 1971, with audio.

”We've thrown the best”: NLT, conversation 47616. NLT, conversation 47616.

Colson had ”the b.a.l.l.s”: Reeves, Reeves, President Nixon, President Nixon, 321. 321.

On Sunday, April 18, Vietnam Veterans Against: Nicosia, Nicosia, Home to War, Home to War, 108. VVAW march to Arlington: Ibid., 109. 108. VVAW march to Arlington: Ibid., 109.

Haldeman called Daniel Patrick Moynihan: NLT, conversation 48121. NLT, conversation 48121.

”Someone has to demolish McCloskey”: NLT, conservation 4837. NLT, conservation 4837.

”G.o.dd.a.m.n gook VC!”: Nicosia, Nicosia, Home to War, Home to War, 114. 114.

”quite a job keeping his people”: NLT, conversation 48227. NLT, conversation 48227.

”s.h.i.+t cans filled with blood”: Nicosia, Nicosia, Home to War, Home to War, 100. 100.

The next day, at the Old Executive: NLT, conversation 4861. NLT, conversation 4861.

That night Senator Phil Hart: Nicosia, Nicosia, Home to War, Home to War, 124. 124.

Nixon was livid: NLT, conversation 4861. NLT, conversation 4861.

Ron Ziegler told the press: Nicosia, Nicosia, Home to War, Home to War, 125. 125. ”Leave the sons of b.i.t.c.hes”: ”Leave the sons of b.i.t.c.hes”: NLT, conversation 48413. NLT, conversation 48413. John Mitch.e.l.l visited the president's: John Mitch.e.l.l visited the president's: NLT, conversation 4842. NLT, conversation 4842.

”'G.o.dd.a.m.n it, forget the law!'”: NLT, conversation 48413. NLT, conversation 48413.

Clark, Supreme Court vote, camping: Nicosia, Home to War, Home to War, 12531. 12531.

”That'll fix the veterans”: NLT, conversation 4844. NLT, conversation 4844.

The next day John Kerry testified: Nicosia, Nicosia, Home to War, Home to War, 13738; transcript at anizers of the second, Haldeman briefed: NLT, conversation 48413. NLT, conversation 48413.

But it was organized: ”Inside Report: Muskie and the Trotskyites,” WP, April 19, 1971. ”Inside Report: Muskie and the Trotskyites,” WP, April 19, 1971. ”We had a great break”: ”We had a great break”: NLT, conversation 4828. NLT, conversation 4828.