Part 7 (1/2)
”He returned,” said Gilbert, disregarding the interruption, ”in the _Gargarine_, a French vessel commanded by Captain Champagne.”
”Methinks something of the flavor represented by the good captain's name hath got into your Englishman's brain. Good ale never gives such fantasies. Doth he perchance speak of elephants?”
”He doth,” said Sir Humphrey, hesitatingly. ”Perchance he saw them not, but heard of them only.”
”What says he of them?” asked Raleigh.
”He says that he saw in that country both elephants and ounces; and he says that their trumpets are made of elephants' teeth.”
”But the houses,” said Raleigh; ”tell me of the houses.”
”In every house,” said Gilbert, reading from the ma.n.u.script, ”they have scoops, buckets, and divers vessels, all of ma.s.sive silver with which they throw out water and otherwise employ them. The women wear great plates of gold covering their bodies, and chains of great pearls in the manner of curvettes; and the men wear manilions or bracelets on each arm and each leg, some of gold and some of silver.”
”Whence come they, these gauds?”
”There are great rivers where one may find pieces of gold as big as the fist; and there are great rocks of crystal, sufficient to load many s.h.i.+ps.”
This was all which was said on that day, but never was explorer more eager than Gilbert. He wrote a ”Discourse of a Discoverie for a New Pa.s.sage to Cathaia and the East Indies”--published without his knowledge by George Gascoigne. In 1578 he had from Queen Elizabeth a patent of exploration, allowing him to take possession of any uncolonized lands in North America, paying for these a fifth of all gold and silver found. The next year he sailed with Raleigh for Newfoundland, but one vessel was lost and the others returned to England. In 1583, he sailed again, taking with him the narrative of Ingram, which he reprinted. He also took with him a learned Hungarian from Buda, named Parmenius, who went for the express purpose of singing the praise of Norumbega in Latin verse, but was drowned in Sir Humphrey's great flag-s.h.i.+p, the _Delight_. This wreck took place near Sable Island, and as most of the supplies for the expedition went down in the flag-s.h.i.+p, the men in the remaining vessels grew so impatient as to compel a return. There were two vessels, the _Golden Hind_ of forty tons, and the _Squirrel_ of ten tons, this last being a mere boat then called a frigate, a small vessel propelled by both sails and oars, quite unlike the war-s.h.i.+p afterwards called by that name.
On both these vessels the men were so distressed that they gathered on the bulwarks, pointing to their empty mouths and their ragged clothing. The officers of the _Golden Hind_ were unwilling to return, but consented on Sir Humphrey's promise that they should come back in the spring; they sailed for England on the 31st of August. All wished him to return in the _Golden Hind_ as a much larger and safer vessel; the _Squirrel_, besides its smallness, being enc.u.mbered on the deck with guns, ammunition, and nettings, making it unseaworthy. But when he was begged to remove into the larger vessel, he said, ”I will not forsake my little company going homeward with whom I have pa.s.sed so many storms and perils.” One reason for this was, the narrator of the voyage says, because of ”hard reports given of him that he was afraid of the sea, albeit this was rather rashness than advised resolution, to prefer the wind of a vain report to the weight of his own life.”
On the very day of sailing they caught their first glimpse of some large species of seal or walrus, which is thus described by the old narrator of the expedition:--
”So vpon Sat.u.r.day in the afternoone the 31 of August, we changed our course, and returned backe for England, at which very instant, euen in winding about, there pa.s.sed along betweene vs and towards the land which we now forsooke a very lion to our seeming, in shape, hair and colour, not swimming after the maner of a beast by moouing of his feete, but rather sliding vpon the water with his whole body (excepting the legs) in sight, neither yet in diuing vnder, and againe rising aboue the water, as the maner is, of Whales, Dolphins, Tunise, Porposes, and all other fish: but confidently shewing himselfe aboue water without hiding: Notwithstanding, we presented our selues in open view and gesture to amase him, as all creatures will be commonly at a sudden gaze and sight of men. Thus he pa.s.sed along turning his head to and fro, yawning and gaping wide, with ougly demonstration of long teeth, and glaring eies, and to bidde vs a farewell (comming right against the Hinde) he sent forth a horrible voyce, roaring or bellowing as doeth a lion, which spectacle wee all beheld so farre as we were able to discerne the same, as men p.r.o.ne to wonder at euery strange thing, as this doubtlesse was, to see a lion in the Ocean sea, or fish in shape of a lion. What opinion others had thereof, and chiefly the Generall himselfe, I forbeare to deliuer: But he tooke it for Bonum Omen [a good omen], reioycing that he was to warre against such an enemie, if it were the deuill.”
When they came north of the Azores, very violent storms met them; most ”outrageous seas,” the narrator says; and they saw little lights upon the mainyard called then by sailors ”Castor and Pollux,” and now ”St. Elmo's Fire”; yet they had but one of these at a time, and this is thought a sign of tempest. On September 9, in the afternoon, ”the general,” as they called him, Sir Humphrey, was sitting abaft with a book in his hand, and cried out more than once to those in the other vessel, ”We are as near to heaven by sea as by land.” And that same night about twelve o'clock, the frigate being ahead of the _Golden Hind_, the lights of the smaller vessel suddenly disappeared, and they knew that she had sunk in the sea.
The event is well described in a ballad by Longfellow.
The name of Norumbega and the tradition of its glories survived Sir Humphrey Gilbert. In a French map of 1543, the town appears with castle and towers. Jean Allfonsce, who visited New England in that year, describes it as the capital of a great fur country. Students of Indian tongues defined the word as meaning ”the place of a fine city”; while the learned Grotius seized upon it as being the same as Norberga and so affording a relic of the visits of the Northmen. As to the locality, it appeared first on the maps as a large island, then as a smaller one, and after 1569 no longer as an island, but a part of the mainland, bordering apparently on the Pen.o.bscot River. Whittier in his poem of ”Norumbega”
describes a Norman knight as seeking it in vain.
”He turned him back, 'O master dear, We are but men misled; And thou hast sought a city here To find a grave instead.
”'No builded wonder of these lands My weary eyes shall see; A city never made with hands Alone awaiteth me.'”
So Champlain, in 1604, could find no trace of it, and said that ”no such marvel existed,” while Mark Lescarbot, the Parisian advocate, writing in 1609, says, ”If this beautiful town ever existed in nature, I would like to know who pulled it down, for there is nothing here but huts made of pickets and covered with the barks of trees or skins.” Yet it kept its place on maps till 1640, and even Heylin in his ”Cosmography” (1669) speaks of ”Norumbega and its fair city,” though he fears that the latter never existed.
It is a curious fact that the late Mr. Justin Winsor, the eminent historian, after much inquiry among the present descendants of the Indian tribes in Maine, could never find any one who could remember to have heard the name of Norumbega.
XVIII
THE GUARDIANS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE
When in 1611 the Sieur de Champlain went back to France to report his wonderful explorations in Canada, he was soon followed by a young Frenchman named Vignan, who had spent a whole winter among the Indians, in a village where there was no other white man. This was a method often adopted by the French for getting more knowledge of Indian ways and commanding their confidence. Vignan had made himself a welcome guest in the cabins, and had brought away many of their legends, to which he added some of his own. In particular, he declared that he had penetrated into the interior until he had come upon a great lake of salt water, far to the northwest. This was, as it happened, the very thing which the French government and all Europe had most hoped to find. They had always believed that sooner or later a short cut would be discovered across the newly found continent, a pa.s.sage leading to the Pacific Ocean and far Cathay.
This was the dream of all French explorers, and of Champlain in particular, and his interest was at once excited by anything that looked toward the Pacific. Now Vignan had prepared himself with just the needed information. He said that during his winter with the Indians he had made the very discovery needed; that he had ascended the river Ottawa, which led to a body of salt water so large that it seemed like an ocean; that he had just seen on its sh.o.r.es the wreck of an English s.h.i.+p, from which eighty men had been taken and slain by the savages, and that they had with them an English boy whom they were keeping to present to Champlain.
This tale about the English s.h.i.+p was evidently founded on the recent calamities of Henry Hudson, of which Vignan had heard some garbled account, and which he used as coloring for his story. The result was that Champlain was thoroughly interested in the tale, and that Vignan was cross-examined and tested, and was made at last to certify to the truth of it before two notaries of Roch.e.l.le. Champlain privately consulted the chancellor de Sillery, the old Marquis de Brissac, and others, who all a.s.sured him that the matter should be followed up; and he resolved to make it the subject of an exploration without delay. He sailed in one vessel, and Vignan in another, the latter taking with him an ardent young Frenchman, Albert de Brissac.