Part 7 (2/2)
and are become Mathematiciens. &c. And they are found, seldome. As, in tymes past, was Aristarchus Samius: Philolaus, and Archytas, Tarentynes: Apollonius Pergeus: Eratosthenes Cyreneus: Archimedes, and Scopas, Syracusians. Who also, left to theyr posteritie, many Engines and Gnomonicall workes: by numbers and naturall meanes, inuented and declared._+
Thus much, and the same wordes (in sense) in one onely Chapter of this Incparable _Architect Vitruuius_, shall you finde. And if you should, but take his boke in your hand, and slightly loke thorough it, you would say straight way:
[Vitruuius.]
This is _Geometrie_, _Arithmetike_, _Astronomie_, _Musike_, _Anthropographie_, _Hydragogie_, _Horometrie_. _&c_. and (to cclude) the Storehouse of all workms.h.i.+p. Now, let vs listen to our other Iudge, our Florentine, _Leo Baptista_: and narrowly consider, how he doth determine of _Architecture_. _Sed ante[que] vltra progrediar. &c. +But before I procede any further +_(sayth he) +_I thinke, that I ought to expresse, what man I would haue to bee allowed an Architect. For, I will not bryng in place a Carpenter: as though you might Compare him to the Chief Masters of other Artes. For the hand of the Carpenter, is the Architectes Instrument._+
[VVho is an Architect.]
+_But I will appoint the Architect to be ”that man, who hath the skill, (by a certaine and meruailous meanes and way,) both in minde and Imagination to determine and also in worke to finish: what workes so euer, by motion of waight, and cuppling and framyng together of bodyes, may most aptly be Commodious for the worthiest Vses of Man.” And that he may be able to performe these thinges, he hath nede of atteynyng and knowledge of the best, and most worthy thynges. &c. The whole Feate of Architecture in buildyng, consisteth in Lineamentes, and in Framyng. And the whole power and skill of Lineamentes, tendeth to this: that the right and absolute way may be had, of Coaptyng and ioyning Lines and angles: by which, the face of the buildyng or frame, may be comprehended and concluded. And it is the property of Lineamentes, to prescribe vnto buildynges, and euery part of them, an apt place, & certaine nuber: a worthy maner, and a semely order: that, so, y^e whole forme and figure of the buildyng, may rest in the very Lineamentes. &c. And we may prescribe in mynde and imagination the whole formes, *
[* The Immaterialitie of perfect Architecture.]
all material stuffe beyng secluded. Which point we shall atteyne, by Notyng and forepointyng the angles, and lines, by a sure and certaine direction and connexion. Seyng then, these thinges, are thus:_+
[What, Lineament is.]
+_Lineamente, shalbe the certaine and constant prescribyng, conceiued in mynde: made in lines and angles: and finished with a learned minde and wyt._+ ”We thanke you Master _Baptist_, that you haue so aptly brought your Arte, and phrase therof, to haue some Mathematicall perfection:
[Note.]
by certaine order, nuber, forme, figure, and _Symmetrie_ mentall:” all naturall & sensible stuffe set a part. Now, then, it is euident, (Gentle reader) how aptely and worthely, I haue preferred _Architecture_, to be bred and fostered vp in the Dominion of the pereles _Princesse_, _Mathematica_: and to be a naturall Subiect of hers. And the name of _Architecture_, is of the princ.i.p.alitie, which this Science hath, aboue all other Artes. And _Plato_ affirmeth, the _Architect_ to be _Master_ ouer all, that make any worke. Wherupon, he is neither Smith, nor Builder: nor, separately, any Artificer: but the Hed, the Prouost, the Directer, and Iudge of all Artificiall workes, and all Artificers. For, the true _Architect_, is hable to teach, Demonstrate, distribute, describe, and Iudge all workes wrought. And he, onely, searcheth out the causes and reasons of all Artificiall thynges. Thus excellent, is _Architecture_: though few (in our dayes) atteyne thereto: yet may not the Arte, be otherwise thought on, then in very dede it is worthy. Nor we may not, of auncient Artes, make new and imperfect Definitions in our dayes: for scarsitie of Artificers: No more, than we may pynche in, the Definitions of _Wisedome_, or _Honestie_, or of _Frendeshyp_ or of _Iustice_. No more will I consent, to Diminish any whit, of the perfection and dignitie, (by iust cause) allowed to absolute _Architecture_. Vnder the Direction of this Arte, are thre princ.i.p.all, necessary _Mechanicall Artes_. Namely, _Howsing_, _Fortification_, and _Naupegie_. _Howsing_, I vnderstand, both for Diuine Seruice, and Mans common vsage: publike, and priuate. Of _Fortification_ and _Naupegie_, straunge matter might be told you: But perchaunce, some will be tyred, with this Bederoll, all ready rehea.r.s.ed: and other some, will nycely nip my grosse and homely discoursing with you: made in post hast: for feare you should wante this true and frendly warnyng, and tast giuyng, of the _Power Mathematicall_. Lyfe is short, and vncertaine: Tymes are perilouse: &c. And still the Printer awayting, for my pen staying: All these thinges, with farder matter of Ingratefulnes, giue me occasion to pa.s.se away, to the other Artes remainyng, with all spede possible.
+The Arte of Nauigation, demonstrateth how, by the shortest good way, by the aptest Directi, & in the shortest time, a sufficient s.h.i.+p, betwene any two places (in pa.s.sage Nauigable,) a.s.signed: may be cducted: and in all stormes, & naturall disturbances chauncyng, how, to vse the best possible meanes, whereby to recouer the place first a.s.signed.+ What nede, the _Master Pilote_, hath of other Artes, here before recited, it is easie to know: as, of _Hydrographie_, _Astronomie_, _Astrologie_, and _Horometrie_. Presupposing continually, the common Base, and foundacion of all: namely _Arithmetike_ and _Geometrie_. So that, he be hable to vnderstand, and Iudge his own necessary Instrumentes, and furniture Necessary: Whether they be perfectly made or no: and also can, (if nede be) make them, hym selfe.
As Quadrantes, The Astronomers Ryng, The Astronomers staffe, The Astrolabe vniuersall. An Hydrographicall Globe. Charts Hydrographicall, true, (not with parallell Meridians). The Common Sea Compas: The Compas of variacion: The Proportionall, and Paradoxall Compa.s.ses
[Anno. 1559.]
(of me Inuented, for our two Moscouy Master Pilotes, at the request of the Company) Clockes with spryng: houre, halfe houre, and three houre Sandgla.s.ses: & sundry other Instrum?tes: And also, be hable, on Globe, or Playne to describe the Paradoxall Compa.s.se: and duely to vse the same, to all maner of purposes, whereto it was inuented. And also, be hable to Calculate the Planetes places for all tymes.
Moreouer, with Sonne Mone or Sterre (or without) be hable to define the Longitude & Lat.i.tude of the place, which he is in: So that, the Longitude & Lat.i.tude of the place, from which he sayled, be giuen: or by him, be knowne. whereto, appertayneth expert meanes, to be certified euer, of the s.h.i.+ps way. &c. And by foreseing the Rising, Settyng, Nonestedyng, or Midnightyng of certaine tempestuous fixed Sterres: or their Coniunctions, and Anglynges with the Planetes, &c. he ought to haue expert coniecture of Stormes, Tempestes, and Spoutes: and such lyke Meteorologicall effectes, daungerous on Sea. For (as _Plato_ sayth,) _Mutationes, opportunitates[que] temporum presentire, non minus rei militari, quam Agriculturae, Nauigationi[que] conuenit. +To foresee the alterations and opportunities of tymes, is conuenient, no lesse to the Art of Warre, then to Husbandry and Nauigation.+_ And besides such cunnyng meanes, more euident tokens in Sonne and Mone, ought of hym to be knowen: such as (the Philosophicall Poete) _Virgilius_ teacheth, in hys _Georgikes_. Where he sayth,
[Sidenote: Georgic. 1.]
_Sol quo[que] & exoriens & quum se condet in vndas, Signa dabit, Solem certissima signa sequuntur. &c.
-------- Nam saepe videmus, Ipsius in vultu varios errare colores.
Caeruleus, pluuiam denunciat, igneus Euros.
Sin maculae incipient rutilo immiscerier igni, Omnia tum pariter vento, nimbis[que] videbis Feruere: non illa quisquam me nocte per altum Ire, ne[que] a terra moueat conuellere funem. &c.
Sol tibi signa dabit. Solem quis dicere falsum Audeat? -------- &c._
And so of Mone, Sterres, Water, Ayre, Fire, Wood, Stones, Birdes, and Beastes, and of many thynges els, a certaine Sympathicall forewarnyng may be had: sometymes to great pleasure and proffit, both on Sea and Land. Sufficiently, for my present purpose, it doth appeare, by the premisses, how _Mathematicall_, the _Arte_ of _Nauigation_, is: and how it nedeth and also vseth other _Mathematicall Artes_: And now, if I would go about to speake of the manifold Commodities, commyng to this Land, and others, by Shypps and _Nauigation_, you might thinke, that I catch at occasions, to vse many wordes, where no nede is.
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