Part 6 (2/2)
+Helicosophie+, is nere Sister to _Trochilike:_ and is, +An Arte Mathematicall, which demonstrateth the designing of all Spirall lines in Plaine, on Cylinder, Cone, Sphaere, Conoid, and Sphaeroid, and their properties appertayning.+ The vse hereof, in _Architecture_, and diuerse Instrumentes and Engines, is most necessary. For, in many thinges, the Skrue worketh the feate, which, els, could not be performed. By helpe hereof,
[* Atheneus Lib. 5. cap. 8.]
it is * recorded, that, where all the power of the Citie of Syracusa, was not hable to moue a certaine s.h.i.+p (being on ground) mightie _Archimedes_, setting to, his Skruish Engine, caused _Hiero_ the king, by him self, at ease, to remoue her, as he would.
[Proclus. Pag. 18.]
Wherat, the King wondring: ?p? t??t?? t?? ???a?, pe?? pa?t??, ?????de?
?????t? p??e?te??. _From this day, forward_ (said the King) _Credit ought to be giuen to Archimedes, what soeuer he sayth._
+Pneumat.i.thmie demonstrateth by close hollow Geometricall Figures, (regular and irregular) the straunge properties (in motion or stay) of the Water, Ayre, Smoke, and Fire, in theyr ctinuitie, and as they are ioyned to the Elementes next them.+ This Arte, to the Naturall Philosopher, is very proffitable: to proue, that _Vacuum_, or _Emptines_ is not in the world. And that, all Nature, abhorreth it so much: that, contrary to ordinary law, the Elementes will moue or stand. As, Water to ascend: rather then betwene him and Ayre, s.p.a.ce or place should be left, more then (naturally) that qut.i.tie of Ayre requireth, or can fill.
Againe, Water to hang, and not descend: rather then by descending, to leaue Emptines at his backe. The like, is of Fire and Ayre: they will descend: when, either, their Ctinuitie should be dissolued: or their next Element forced from them. And as they will not be extended, to discontinuitie: So, will they not, nor yet of mans force, can be prest or pent, in s.p.a.ce, not sufficient and aunswerable to their bodily substance. Great force and violence will they vse, to enioy their naturall right and libertie.
[To go to the bottom of the Sea without daunger.]
Hereupon, two or three men together, by keping Ayre vnder a great Cauldron, and forcyng the same downe, orderly, may without harme descend to the Sea bottome: and continue there a tyme &c. Where, Note, how the thicker Element (as the Water) giueth place to the thynner (as, is the ayre:) and receiueth violence of the thinner, in maner. &c. Pumps and all maner of Bellowes, haue their ground of this Art: and many other straunge deuises. As, _Hydraulica_, Organes goyng by water. &c. Of this Feat, (called commonly _Pneumatica_,) goodly workes are extant, both in Greke, and Latin. With old and learned Schole men, it is called _Scientia de pleno & vacuo._
+Menadrie, is an Arte Mathematicall, which demonstrateth, how, aboue Natures vertue and power simple: Vertue and force may be multiplied: and so, to direct, to lift, to pull to, and to put or cast fro, any multiplied or simple, determined Vertue, Waight or Force: naturally, not, so, directible or moueable.+ Very much is this Art furdred by other Artes: as, in some pointes, by _Perspectiue_: in some, by _Statike_: in some, by _Trochilike_: and in other, by _Helicosophie_: and _Pneumat.i.thmie_. By this Art, all Cranes, Gybbettes, & Ingines to lift vp, or to force any thing, any maner way, are ordred: and the certaine cause of their force, is knowne: As, the force which one man hath with the d.u.c.h.e waghen Racke: therwith, to set vp agayne, a mighty waghen laden, being ouerthrowne. The force of the Crossebow Racke, is certainly, here, demonstrated. The reason, why one m, doth with a leauer, lift that, which Sixe men, with their handes onely, could not, so easily do. By this Arte, in our common Cranes in London, where powre is to Crane vp, the waight of 2000. pound: by two Wheles more (by good order added) Arte concludeth, that there may be Craned vp 200000. pound waight &c. So well knew _Archimedes_ this Arte: that he alone, with his deuises and engynes, (twise or thrise) spoyled and discomfited the whole Army and Hoste of the Romaines, besieging _Syracusa_,
[=Plutarchus in Marco Marcello.=]
_Marcus Marcellus the Consul_, being their Generall Capitaine.
[=Synesius in Epistolis.=]
Such huge Stones, so many, with such force, and so farre, did he with his engynes hayle among them, out of the Citie.
[=Polybius.=]
[=Plinius.=]
[=Quintilia.n.u.s.=]
[=T. Liuius.=]
And by Sea likewise: though their s.h.i.+ps might come to the walls of _Syracusa_, yet hee vtterly confounded the Romaine Nauye. What with his mighty Stones hurlyng:
[=* Athenaeus.=]
what with Pikes of * 18 fote long, made like shaftes: which he forced almost a quarter of a myle. What, with his catchyng hold of their Shyps, and hoysing them vp aboue the water, and suddenly letting them fall into the Sea againe:
[= * Galenus.=]
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