Part 2 (2/2)

* to be certified of the content of any plaine Superficies: whether it be in ground Surueyed, Borde, or Gla.s.se measured, or such like thing: which measuring, is named _Embadometrie_.

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* Or els to vnderstand the Soliditie, and content of any bodily thing: as of Tymber and Stone, or the content of Pits, Pondes, Wells, Vessels, small & great, of all fas.h.i.+ons. Where, of Wine, Oyle, Beere, or Ale vessells, &c, the Measuring, commonly, hath a peculier name: and is called _Gaging_. And the generall name of these Solide measures, is _Stereometrie_.

[+2.+]

Or els, this _vulgar Geometrie_, hath consideration to teach the practiser, how to measure things, with good distance betwene him and the thing measured: and to vnderstand thereby, either

[1.]

* how Farre, a thing seene (on land or water) is from the measurer: and this may be called _Apomecometrie_:

[2.]

Or, how High or depe, aboue or vnder the leuel of the measurers stding, any thing is, which is sene on land or water, called _Hypsometrie_.

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* Or, it informeth the measurer, how Broad any thing is, which is in the measurers vew: so it be on Land or Water, situated: and may be called _Platometrie_. Though I vse here to condition, the thing measured, to be on Land, or Water Situated:

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yet, know for certaine, that the sundry heigthe of Cloudes, blasing Starres, and of the Mone, may (by these meanes) haue their distances from the earth: and, of the blasing Starres and Mone, the Soliditie (aswell as distances) to be measured: But because, neither these things are vulgarly taught: nor of a common practiser so ready to be executed: I, rather, let such measures be reckened incident to some of our other Artes, dealing with thinges on high, more purposely, then this vulgar Land measuring Geometrie doth: as in _Perspectiue_ and _Astronomie, &c._

Of these Feates (farther applied) is Sp.r.o.ng the Feate of _Geodesie_, or Land Measuring: more cunningly to measure & Suruey Land, Woods, and Waters, a farre of. More cunningly, I say: But G.o.d knoweth (hitherto) in these Realmes of England and Ireland (whether through ignorance or fraude, I can not tell, in euery particular)

[Note.]

how great wrong and iniurie hath (in my time) bene committed by vntrue measuring and surueying of Land or Woods, any way. And, this I am sure: that the Value of the difference, betwene the truth and such Surueyes, would haue bene hable to haue foud (for euer) in eche of our two Vniuersities, an excellent Mathematicall Reader: to eche, allowing (yearly) a hundred Markes of lawfull money of this realme: which, in dede, would seme requisit, here, to be had (though by other wayes prouided for) as well, as, the famous Vniuersitie of Paris, hath two Mathematicall Readers: and eche, two hundreth French Crownes yearly, of the French Kinges magnificent liberalitie onely. Now, againe, to our purpose returning: Moreouer, of the former knowledge Geometricall, are growen the Skills of _Geographie_, _Chorographie_, _Hydrographie_, and _Stratarithmetrie_.

”+Geographie+ teacheth wayes, by which, in sudry formes, (as _Sphaerike_, _Plaine_ or other), the Situation of Cities, Townes, Villages, Fortes, Castells, Mountaines, Woods, Hauens, Riuers, Crekes, & such other things, vp the outface of the earthly Globe (either in the whole, or in some princ.i.p.all m?ber and portion therof ctayned) may be described and designed, in cmensurations a.n.a.logicall to Nature and veritie: and most aptly to our vew, may be represented.” Of this Arte how great pleasure, and how manifolde commodities do come vnto vs, daily and hourely: of most men, is perceaued. While, some, to beautifie their Halls, Parlers, Chambers, Galeries, Studies, or Libraries with: other some, for thinges past, as battels fought, earthquakes, heauenly fyringes, & such occurentes, in histories mentioned: therby liuely, as it were, to vewe the place, the region adioyning, the distance from vs: and such other circ.u.mstances. Some other, presently to vewe the large dominion of the Turke: the wide Empire of the Moschouite: and the litle morsell of ground, where Christendome (by profession) is certainly knowen. Litle, I say, in respecte of the rest. &c. Some, either for their owne iorneyes directing into farre landes: or to vnderstand of other mens trauailes. To conclude, some, for one purpose: and some, for an other, liketh, loueth, getteth, and vseth, Mappes, Chartes, & Geographicall Globes. Of whose vse, to speake sufficiently, would require a booke peculier.

+Chorographie+ seemeth to be an vnderling, and a twig, of _Geographie_: and yet neuerthelesse, is in practise manifolde, and in vse very ample. ”This teacheth a.n.a.logically to describe a small portion or circuite of ground, with the contentes: not regarding what commensuration it hath to the whole, or any parcell, without it, contained. But in the territory or parcell of ground which it taketh in hand to make description of, it leaueth out (or vndescribed) no notable, or odde thing, aboue the ground visible. Yea and sometimes, of thinges vnder ground, geueth some peculier marke: or warning: as of Mettall mines, Cole pittes, Stone quarries. &c.” Thus, a Dukedome, a s.h.i.+ere, a Lords.h.i.+p, or lesse, may be described distinctly. But marueilous pleasant, and profitable it is, in the exhibiting to our eye, and commensuration, the plat of a Citie, Towne, Forte, or Pallace, in true Symmetry: not approching to any of them: and out of Gunne shot. &c.

Hereby, the _Architect_ may furnishe him selfe, with store of what patterns he liketh: to his great instruction: euen in those thinges which outwardly are proportioned: either simply in them selues: or respectiuely, to Hilles, Riuers, Hauens, and Woods adioyning. Some also, terme this particular description of places, _Topographie_.

”+Hydrographie+, deliuereth to our knowledge, on Globe or in Plaine, the perfect a.n.a.logicall description of the Ocean Sea coastes, through the whole world: or in the chiefe and princ.i.p.all partes thereof:” with the Iles and chiefe particular places of daungers, conteyned within the boundes, and Sea coastes described: as, of Quicksandes, Bankes, Pittes, Rockes, Races, Countertides, Whorlepooles. &c. This, dealeth with the Element of the water chiefly: as _Geographie_ did princ.i.p.ally take the Element of the Earthes description (with his appertenances) to taske.

And besides thys, _Hydrographie_, requireth a particular Register of certaine Landmarkes (where markes may be had) from the sea, well hable to be skried, in what point of the Seac.u.mpase they appeare, and what apparent forme, Situation, and bignes they haue, in respecte of any daungerous place in the sea, or nere vnto it, a.s.signed: And in all Coastes, what Mone, maketh full Sea: and what way, the Tides and Ebbes, come and go, the _Hydrographer_ ought to recorde. The Soundinges likewise: and the Chanels wayes: their number, and depthes ordinarily, at ebbe and flud, ought the _Hydrographer_, by obseruation and diligence of _Measuring_, to haue certainly knowen. And many other pointes, are belonging to perfecte _Hydrographie_, and for to make a _Rutter_, by: of which, I nede not here speake: as of the describing, in any place, vpon Globe or Plaine, the 32. pointes of the Compase, truely: (wherof, scarsly foure, in England, haue right knowledge: bycause, the lines therof, are no straight lines, nor Circles.) Of making due proiection of a Sphere in plaine. Of the Variacion of the Compas, from true Northe: And such like matters (of great importance, all) I leaue to speake of, in this place: bycause, I may seame (al ready) to haue enlarged the boundes, and duety of an Hydographer, much more, then any man (to this day) hath noted, or prescribed. Yet am I well hable to proue, all these thinges, to appertaine, and also to be proper to the Hydrographer. The chief vse and ende of this Art, is the Art of Nauigation: but it hath other diuerse vses: euen by them to be enioyed, that neuer lacke sight of land.

+Stratarithmetrie+, is the Skill, (appertainyng to the warre,) by which a man can set in figure, a.n.a.logicall to any _Geometricall_ figure appointed, any certaine number or summe of men: of such a figure capable: (by reason of the vsuall s.p.a.ces betwene Souldiers allowed: and for that, of men, can be made no Fractions. Yet, neuertheles, he can order the giuen summe of men, for the greatest such figure, that of them, c be ordred) and certifie, of the ouerplus: (if any be) and of the next certaine summe, which, with the ouerplus, will admit a figure exactly proportionall to the figure a.s.signed. By which Skill, also, of any army or company of men: (the figure & sides of whose orderly standing, or array, is knowen) he is able to expresse the iust number of men, within that figure conteined: or (orderly) able to be conteined.

[* Note.]

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