Part 2 (1/2)
SERMON VI. THE SPIRIT AND THE FLESH
GALATIANS, v. 16.
”I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the l.u.s.ts of the flesh. For the flesh l.u.s.teth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh, and these are contrary the one to the other.”
The more we think seriously, my friends, the more we shall see what wonderful and awful things words are, how they mean much more than we fancy,--how we do not make words, but words are given to us by one higher than ourselves. Wise men say that you can tell the character of any nation by its language, by watching the words they use, the names they give to things, for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks, and by our words, our Lord tells us, we shall be justified and condemned.
It is G.o.d, and Christ, the Word of G.o.d, who gives words to men, who puts it into the hearts of men to call certain things by certain names; and, according to a nation's G.o.dliness, and wisdom, and purity of heart, will be its power of using words discreetly and reverently. That miracle of the gift of tongues, of which we read in the New Testament, would have been still most precious and full of meaning if it had had no other use than this--to teach men from whom words come. When men found themselves all of a sudden inspired to talk in foreign languages which they had never learnt, to utter words of which they themselves did not know the meaning, do you not see how it must have made them feel that all language is G.o.d's making and G.o.d's giving? Do you not see how it must have made them feel what awful, mysterious things words were, like those cloven tongues of fire which fell on the apostles? The tongues of fire signified the difficult foreign languages which they suddenly began to speak as the Spirit gave them utterance. And where did the tongues of fire come from? Not out of themselves, not out of the earth beneath, but down from the heaven above, to signify that it is not from man, from man's flesh or brain, or the earthly part of him, that words are bred, but that they come down from Christ the Word of G.o.d, and are breathed into the minds of men by the Spirit of G.o.d.
Why do I speak of all this? To make you feel what awful, wonderful things words are; how, when you want to understand the meaning of a word, you must set to work with reverence and G.o.dly fear--not in self-conceit and prejudice, taking the word to mean just what suits your own notions of things, but trying humbly to find out what the word really does mean of itself, what G.o.d meant it to mean when He put it into the hearts of wise men to use that word and bring it into our English language. A man ought to read a newspaper or a story-book in that spirit; how much more, when he takes up the Bible! How reverently he ought to examine every word in the New Testament--this very text, for instance. We ought to be sure that St. Paul, just because he was an inspired apostle, used the very best possible words to express what he meant on so important a matter; and what ARE the best words? The clearest and the simplest words are the best words; else how is the Bible to be the poor man's book? How, unless the wayfaring man, though simple, shall not err therein? Therefore we may be sure the words in Scripture are certain to be used in their simplest, most natural, most everyday meaning, such as the simplest man can understand. And, therefore, we may be sure, that these two words, ”flesh” and ”spirit,” in my text, are used in their very simplest, straightforward sense; and that St. Paul meant by them what working-men mean by them in the affairs of daily life. No doubt St. Peter says that there are many things in St. Paul's writings difficult to be understood, which those who are unlearned and unstable wrest to their own destruction; and, most true it is, so they do daily. But what does ”wresting” a thing mean? It means twisting it, bending it, turning it out of its original straightforward, natural meaning, into some new crooked meaning of their own. This is the way we are all of us too apt, I am afraid, to come to St. Paul's Epistles. We find him difficult because we won't take him at his word, because we tear a text out of its right place in the chapter--the place where St. Paul put it, and make it stand by itself, instead of letting the rest of the chapter explain its meaning. And then, again, people use the words in the text as unfairly and unreasonably as they use the text itself, they won't let the words have their common-sense English meaning--they must stick a new meaning on them of their own. 'Oh,' they say, 'that text must not be taken literally, that word has a spiritual signification here. Flesh does not mean flesh, it means men's corrupt nature;' little thinking all the while that perhaps they understand those words, spiritual, and corrupt, and nature, just as ill as they do the rest of the text.
How much better, my friends, to let the Bible tell its own story; not to be so exceeding wise above what is written, just to believe that St. Paul knew better how to use words than we are likely to do,--just to believe that when he says flesh he means flesh.
Everybody agrees that when he says spirit he means spirit, why, in the name of common sense, when he says flesh should he not mean flesh? For my own part I believe that when St. Paul talks of man's flesh, he means by it man's body, man's heart and brain, and all his bodily appet.i.tes and powers--what we call a man's const.i.tution; in a word, the ANIMAL part of man, just what a man has in common with the beasts who perish.
To understand what I mean, consider any animal--a dog, for instance-- how much every animal has in it what men have,--a body, and brain, and heart; it hungers and thirsts as we do, it can feel pleasure and pain, anger and loneliness, and fear and madness; it likes freedom, company, and exercise, praise and petting, play and ease; it uses a great deal of cunning, and thought, and courage, to get itself food and shelter, just as human beings do: in short, it has a fleshly nature, just as we have, and yet, after all, it is but an animal, and so, in one sense, we are all animals, only more delicately made than the other animals; but we are something more, we have a spirit as well as a flesh, an immortal soul. If any one asks, what is a man? the true answer is, an animal with an immortal spirit in it; and this spirit can feel more than pleasure and pain, which are mere carnal, that is, fleshly things; it can feel trust, and hope, and peace, and love, and purity, and n.o.bleness, and independence, and, above all, it can feel right and wrong. There is the infinite difference between an animal and a man, between our flesh and our spirit; an animal has no sense of right and wrong; a dog who has done wrong is often terrified, but not because he feels it wrong and wicked, but because he knows from experience that he will be punished for doing it: just so with a man's fleshly nature;--a carnal, fleshly man, a man whose spirit is dead within him, whose spiritual sense of right and wrong, and honour and purity, is gone, when he has done a wrong thing is often enough afraid; but why? Not for any spiritual reason, not because he feels it a wicked and abominable thing, a sin, but because he is afraid of being punished for it, because he is afraid that his body, his flesh will be punished by the laws of the land, or by public opinion, or because he has some dim belief that this same body and flesh of his will be burnt in h.e.l.l-fire; and fire, he knows by experience, is a painful thing--and so he is AFRAID of it; there is nothing spiritual in all that,--that is all fleshly, carnal; the heathens in all ages have been afraid of h.e.l.l-fire; but a man's spirit, on the other hand, if it be in h.e.l.l, is in a very different h.e.l.l from mere fire,--a spiritual h.e.l.l, such as torments the evil spirits, at this very moment, although they are going to and fro on this very earth. This earth is h.e.l.l to them; they carry about h.e.l.l in them,--they are their own h.e.l.l. Everlasting shame, discontent, doubt, despair, rage, disgust at themselves, feeling that they are out of favour with G.o.d, out of tune with heaven and earth, loving nothing, believing nothing, ever hating, hating each other, hating themselves most of all--THERE is their h.e.l.l! THERE is the h.e.l.l in which the soul of every wicked man is,--ay, is now while he is in THIS life, though he will only awake to the perfect misery of it after death, when his body and fleshly nature have mouldered away in the grave, and can no longer pamper and stupify him and make him forget his own misery. Ay, there has been many a man in this life who had every fleshly enjoyment which this world can give, riches and pleasure, banquets and palaces, every sense and every appet.i.te pampered,--his pride and his vanity flattered; who never knew what want, or trouble, or contradiction, was on the smallest point; a man, I say, who had every carnal enjoyment which this earth can give to a man's selfish flesh, and yet whose spirit was in h.e.l.l all the while, and who knew it; hating and despising himself for a mean selfish villain, while all the world round was bowing down to him and envying him as the luckiest of men. I am trying to make you understand the infinite difference between a man's flesh and his spirit; how a man's flesh can take no pleasure in spiritual things, while man's spirit of itself can take no pleasure in fleshly things.
Now, the spirit and the flesh, body and soul, in every man, are at war with each other,--they have quarrelled; that is the corruption of our nature, the fruit of Adam's fall. And as the Article says, and as every man who has ever tried to live G.o.dly well knows, from experience, ”that infection of nature does remain to the last, even in those who are regenerate.” So that as St. Paul says, the spirit l.u.s.teth against the flesh, and the flesh against the spirit; and it continually happens that a man cannot do the things which he would; he cannot do what he knows to be right; thus, as St. Paul says again, a man may delight in the law of G.o.d in his inward man, that is, in his spirit, and yet all the while he shall find another law in his members, I.E. in his body, in his flesh, in his brain which thinks, and his heart which feels, and his senses which are fond of pleasure; and this law of the flesh, these appet.i.tes and pa.s.sions which he has, like other animals, fight against the law of his mind, and when he wishes to do good, make him do evil. Now how is this?
The flesh is not evil; a man's body can be no more wicked than a dumb beast can be wicked. St. Paul calls man's flesh sinful flesh; not because our flesh can sin of itself, but because our sinful souls make our flesh do sinful things; for, he says, Christ came in the likeness of sinful flesh, and yet in him was no sin. The pure and spotless Saviour could not have taken man's flesh upon him if there was any sinfulness in it. The body knows nothing of right and wrong; it is not subject to the law of G.o.d, neither, indeed, can be, says St. Paul. And why? Because G.o.d's law is spiritual; deals with right and wrong. Wickedness, like righteousness, is a spiritual thing. If a man sins, his body is not in fault; it is his spirit; his weak, perverse will, which will sooner listen to what his flesh tells him is pleasant than to what G.o.d tells him is right; for this, my friends, is the secret of the battle of life. We stand between heaven and earth. Above is G.o.d's Spirit striving with our spirits, speaking to them in the depths of our soul, shewing us what is right, putting into our hearts good desires, making us long to be honest and just, pure and manful, loving and charitable; for who is there who has not at times longed after these things, and felt that it would be a blessed thing for him if he were such a man as Jesus Christ was and is?--Above us, I say, is G.o.d's Spirit speaking to our spirits, below us is this world speaking to our flesh, as it spoke to Eve's, saying to us, ”This thing is pleasant to the eyes--this thing is good for food--that thing is to be desired to make you wise, and to flatter your vanity and self-conceit.” Below us, I say, is THIS world, tempting us to ease, and pleasure, and vanity; and in the middle, betwixt the two, stands up the third part of man-- his SOUL and WILL, set to choose between the voice of G.o.d's Spirit and the temptations of this world--to choose between what is right and what is pleasant--to choose whether he will obey the desires of the spirit, or obey the desires of the flesh.He must choose. If he lets his flesh conquer his spirit, he falls; if he lets his spirit conquer his flesh, he rises; if he lets his flesh conquer his spirit, he becomes what he was not meant to be--a slave to fleshly l.u.s.t; and THEN he will find his flesh set up for itself, and work for itself. And where man's flesh gets the upper hand, and takes possession of him, it can do nothing but evil--not that it is evil in itself, but that it has no rule, no law to go by; it does not know right from wrong; and therefore it does simply what it likes, as a dumb beast or an idiot might; and therefore the works of the flesh are--adulteries, drunkenness, murders, fornications, envyings, backbitings, strife. When a man's body, which G.o.d intended to be the servant of his spirit, has become the tyrant of his spirit, it is like an idiot on a king's throne, doing all manner of harm and folly without knowing that it IS harm and folly. That is not ITS fault. Whose fault is it, then? OUR fault--the fault of our wills and our souls. Our souls were intended to be the masters of our flesh, to conquer all the weaknesses, defilements of our const.i.tution--our tempers, our cowardice, our laziness, our hastiness, our nervousness, our vanity, our love of pleasure--to listen to our spirits, because our spirits learn from G.o.d's Spirit what is right and n.o.ble. But if we let our flesh master us, and obey its own blind l.u.s.ts, we sin against G.o.d; and we sin against G.o.d doubly; for we not only sin against G.o.d's commandments, but we sin against ourselves, who are the image and glory of G.o.d.
Believe this, my friends; believe that, because you are all fallen human creatures, there must go on in you this sore life-long battle between your spirit and your flesh--your spirit trying to be master and guide, as it ought to be, and your flesh rebelling, and trying to conquer your spirit and make you a mere animal, like a fox in cunning, a peac.o.c.k in vanity, or a hog in greedy sloth. But believe, too, that it is your sin and your shame if your spirit does not conquer your flesh--for G.o.d has promised to help your spirits.
Ask Him, and His Spirit will teach them--fill them with pure, n.o.ble hopes, with calm, clear thoughts, and with deep, unselfish love to G.o.d and man. He will strengthen your wills, that they may be able to refuse the evil and choose the good. Ask Him, and He will join them to His own Spirit--to the Spirit of Christ, your Master; for he that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit with Him. Ask him, and He will give you the mind of Christ--teach you to see and feel all matters as Christ sees and feels them. Ask Him, and He will give you wisdom to listen to His Spirit when it teaches your spirit, and then you will be able to walk after the spirit, and not obey the l.u.s.ts of the flesh; and you will be able to crucify the flesh with its pa.s.sions and l.u.s.ts, that is, to make it, what it ought to be, a dead thing--a dead tool for your spirit to work with manfully and G.o.dly, and not a live tyrant to lead you into brutishness and folly; and then you will find that the fruit of the spirit, of your spirit led by G.o.d's Spirit, is really, as St. Paul says, ”love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, honesty”--”whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honourable and of good report;” and instead of being the miserable slaves of your own pa.s.sions, and of the opinions of your neighbours, you will find that where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty, true freedom, not only from your neighbours'
sins, but, what is far better, freedom from your own.
These are large words, my friends, and promise mighty things. But I dare speak them to you, for G.o.d has spoken to you. These promises G.o.d made you at your baptism; these promises I, on the warrant of your baptism, dare make to you again. At your baptism, G.o.d gave you the right to call Him your loving Father, to call His Son your Saviour, His Spirit your Sanctifier. And He is not a man, that He should lie; nor the son of man, that He should repent! Try Him, and see whether He will not fulfil His word. Claim His promise, and though you have fallen lower than the brutes, He will make men and women of you. He will be faithful and just to forgive you your sins, and to cleanse you from all unrighteousness.
SERMON VII. RETRIBUTION
NUMBERS, x.x.xii. 23.
”Be sure your sin will find you out.”
The full meaning of this text is, that every sin which a man commits is certain, sooner or later, to come home to him with fearful interest.
Moses gave this warning to two tribes of the Israelites,--to the Reubenites and Gadites, who had promised to go over Jordan, and help their countrymen in war against the heathen, on condition of being allowed to return and settle on the east bank of Jordan, where they then were; but if they broke their promise, and returned before the end of the war, they were to be certain that their sin would find them out; that G.o.d would avenge their falsehood on them in some way in their lifetime: in their lifetime, I say, for there is no mention made in this chapter, or in any part of the story, of heaven or h.e.l.l, or any world to come. And the text has been always taken as a fair warning to all generations of men, that their sin also, even in their lifetimes, will be visited upon them.
Now, it is strange, at first sight, that these texts, which warn men that their sins will be punished in this life, are just the most unpleasant texts in the whole Bible; that men shrink from them more, and shut their eyes to them more than they do to those texts which threaten them with h.e.l.l-fire and everlasting death. Strange!--that men should be more afraid of being punished in this life for a few years than in the life to come for ever and ever;--and yet not strange if we consider; for to worldly and sinful souls, that life after death and the flames of h.e.l.l seem quite distant and dim-- things of which they know little and believe less, while this world they DO know, they are quite certain that its good things are pleasant and its bad things unpleasant, and they are thoroughly afraid of losing THEM. Their hearts are where their treasure is, in this world; and a punishment which deprives them of this world's good things. .h.i.ts them home: but their treasure is NOT in heaven, and, therefore, about losing heaven they are by no means so much concerned. And thus they can face the dreadful news that ”the wicked shall be turned into h.e.l.l, and all the people that forget G.o.d;” while, as for the news that the wicked shall be recompensed on the earth, that their sins will surely find them out in this life, they cannot face that--they shut their ears to it,--they try to persuade themselves that sin will PAY them HERE, at all events; and as for hereafter, they shall get off somehow,--they neither know nor care much how.
Yet G.o.d's truth remains, and G.o.d's truth must be heard; and those who love this world so well must be told, whether they like or not, that every sin which they commit, every mean, every selfish, every foul deed, loses them so much enjoyment in this very present world of which they are so mighty fond. That is G.o.d's truth; and I will prove it true from common sense, from Holy Scripture, and FROM THE WITNESS of men's own hearts.
Take common sense. Does not common sense tell us that if G.o.d made this world, and governs it by righteous and G.o.d-like laws, this must be a world in which evil-doing cannot thrive? G.o.d made the world better than that, surely! He would be a bad law-giver who made such laws, that it was as well to break them as to keep them. You would call them bad laws, surely! No, G.o.d made the world, and not the devil; and the world works by G.o.d's laws, and not the devil's; and it inclines towards good, and not towards evil; and he who sins, even in the least, breaks G.o.d's laws, acts contrary to the rule and const.i.tution of the world, and will surely find that G.o.d's laws will go on in spite of him, and grind him to powder, if he by sinning gets in the way of them. G.o.d has no need to go out of His way to punish our evil deeds. Let them alone, and they will punish themselves. Is it not so in every thing? If a tradesman trades badly, or a farmer farms badly, there is no need of lawyers to punish him; he will punish himself. Every mistake he makes will take money out of his pocket; every time he offends against the established rules of trade or agriculture, which are G.o.d's laws, he injures himself; and so, be sure, it is in the world at large,--in the world in which men and the souls of men live, and move, and have their being.
Next, to speak of Scripture. I might quote texts innumerable to prove that what I say Scripture says also. Consider but this one thing,--that there is a whole book in the Bible written to prove this one thing,--that our good and bad deeds are repaid us with interest in this life--the Proverbs of Solomon I mean--in which there is little or no mention of heaven or h.e.l.l, or any world to come. It is all one n.o.ble, and awful, and yet cheering sermon on that one text, ”The righteous shall be recompensed in the earth, much more the wicked and the sinner,”--put in a thousand different lights; brought home to us a thousand different roads, comes the same everlasting doom,--”Vain man, who thinkest that thou canst live in G.o.d's world and yet despise His will, know that, in every smiling, comfortable sin, thou art hatching an adder to sting thee in the days of old age, to poison thy cup of sinful joy, even when it is at thy lips; to haunt thy restless thoughts, and dog thee day and night; to rise up before thee, in the silent, sleepless hours of night, like an angry ghost! An awful foretaste of the doom that is to come; and yet a merciful foretaste, if thou wilt be but taught by the disappointment, the unsatisfied craving, the gnawing shame of a guilty conscience, to see the heinousness of sin, and would turn before it be too late.”
What, my friends,--what will you make of such texts as this, ”That he who soweth to the flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption?” Do you not see that comes true far too often? Can it help ALWAYS coming true, seeing that G.o.d's apostle spoke it? What will you make of this, too, ”That the wicked is snared by the working of his own hands;”--”That EVIL”--the evil which we do of its own self--”shall slay the wicked?” What says the whole n.o.ble 37th Psalm of David, but that same awful truth of G.o.d, that sin is its own punishment?
Why should I go on quoting texts? Look for yourselves, you who fancy that it is only on the other side of the grave that G.o.d will trouble Himself about you and your meanness, your profligacy, your falsehood. Look for yourselves in the book of G.o.d, and see if there be any writer there,--lawgiver, prophet, psalmist, apostle, up to Christ the Lord Himself,--who does not warn men again and again, that here, on earth, their sins will find them out. Our Saviour, indeed, when on earth, said less about this subject than any of the prophets before Him, or the apostles after Him, and for the best of reasons. The Jews had got rooted in their minds a superst.i.tious notion, that all disease, all sorrow, was the punishment in each case of some particular sin; and thus, instead of looking with pity and loving awe upon the sick and the afflicted, they were accustomed, too often, to turn from them as sinners, smitten of G.o.d, bearing in their distress the token of His anger. The blessed One,-- He who came to heal the sick and save the lost,--reproved that error more than once. When the disciples fancied a certain poor man's blindness to be a judgment from G.o.d, ”Neither did he sin,”
said the Lord, ”nor his parents, but that the glory of G.o.d might be made manifest in him.” And yet, on the other hand, when He healed a certain man of an old infirmity at the pool of Bethesda, what were His words to him? ”Go thy way, sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto thee;”--a clear and weighty warning that all his long misery of eight-and-thirty years had been the punishment of some sin of his, and that the sin repeated would bring on him a still severer judgment.
What, again, does the apostle mean, in the Epistle to the Hebrews, when he tells us how G.o.d scourges every son whom he receives, and talks of His chastis.e.m.e.nts, whereof all are partakers. Why do we need chastising if we have nothing which needs mending? And though the innocent MAY sometimes be afflicted to make them strong as well as innocent, and the holy chastened to make them humble as well as holy, yet if the good cannot escape their share of affliction, how will the bad get off? ”If the righteous scarcely be saved, where will the unG.o.dly and the sinner appear?” But what use in arguing when you know that my words are true? You KNOW that your sins will find you out. Look boldly and honestly into your own hearts. Look through the history of your past lives, and confess to G.o.d, at least, that the far greater number of your sorrows have been your own fault; that there is hardly a day's misery which you ever endured in your life of which you might not say, 'If I had listened to the voice of G.o.d in my conscience--if I had earnestly considered what my DUTY was--if I had prayed to G.o.d to determine my judgment right, I should have been spared this sorrow now?' Am I not right?