Part 17 (1/2)
Page 109 percolating since a conference: Stephen Gardner, interview by the author. Stephen Gardner, interview by the author.
Page 109 eventually backed down: Keith Ervin, ”School Board Is Warned Against c.o.ke Contract,” Keith Ervin, ”School Board Is Warned Against c.o.ke Contract,” Seattle Times Seattle Times, July 2, 2003; Tan Vinh, ”Soft Drinks Limited for Middle-Schoolers; District Extends, Restricts Coca-Cola Contract,” Seattle Times Seattle Times, July 18, 2003.
Page 109 ”I look at c.o.ke and Pepsi”: Gardner, interview by the author. Gardner, interview by the author.
Page 110 one study at Johns Hopkins University: ”Caffeine Added to Soft Drink to Addict Consumers, Says Study,” ”Caffeine Added to Soft Drink to Addict Consumers, Says Study,” Food & Drink Weekly Food & Drink Weekly, August 21, 2000.
Page 110 ”There are trial lawyers”: Mindus, interview by the author. Mindus, interview by the author.
Page 110 quietly approached Gardner: Gardner, interview by the author. Gardner, interview by the author.
Page 110 trouble finding plaintiffs: Simon, interview by the author. Simon, interview by the author.
Page 111 drew up a confidential doc.u.ment: ”Proposed School Beverage Policy, Draft Dated March 30, 2006 (2) For Discussion Only, Between the American Beverage a.s.sociation and Industry Representatives, the Center for Science in the Public Interest, and Public Health Advocacy Inst.i.tute.” ”Proposed School Beverage Policy, Draft Dated March 30, 2006 (2) For Discussion Only, Between the American Beverage a.s.sociation and Industry Representatives, the Center for Science in the Public Interest, and Public Health Advocacy Inst.i.tute.”
Page 111 even Governor Rell bowed . . . pa.s.sed the bill in late April 2006: Stacey Stowe, ”To Some in Hartford, c.o.ke Is a Real Evil Thing,” Stacey Stowe, ”To Some in Hartford, c.o.ke Is a Real Evil Thing,” New York Times New York Times, April 7, 2006.
Page 111 calling a press conference a week later: American Beverage a.s.sociation, ”Statement by Susan Neely, American Beverage a.s.sociation President and CEO Regarding the Partners.h.i.+p with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation on a New School Beverage Policy,” May 3, 2006. American Beverage a.s.sociation, ”Statement by Susan Neely, American Beverage a.s.sociation President and CEO Regarding the Partners.h.i.+p with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation on a New School Beverage Policy,” May 3, 2006.
Page 112 ”I don't think there are any villains here”: Bruce Mohl, ”After Soda Ban, Nutritionists Say More Can Be Done,” Bruce Mohl, ”After Soda Ban, Nutritionists Say More Can Be Done,” Boston Globe Boston Globe, May 4, 2006.
Page 112 announced new guidelines . . . Advertising wasn't even addressed: Caroline Wilbert, Elizabeth Lee, and David Ho, ”Beverage Industry Tightens Policy,” Caroline Wilbert, Elizabeth Lee, and David Ho, ”Beverage Industry Tightens Policy,” Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution , May 4, 2006. , May 4, 2006.
Page 112 ”I think there was considerable bad faith”: Daynard, interview by the author. In an e-mail to the author, Alliance for a Healthier Generation spokesman Doug Cavarocchi declined comment on whether the organization was aware that a parallel negotiation was transpring. Daynard, interview by the author. In an e-mail to the author, Alliance for a Healthier Generation spokesman Doug Cavarocchi declined comment on whether the organization was aware that a parallel negotiation was transpring.
Page 113 $10 million ad campaign: Scott Leith, ”Soft Drink Makers Start PR Offensive; Industry Ads Focus on Kids' Health,” Scott Leith, ”Soft Drink Makers Start PR Offensive; Industry Ads Focus on Kids' Health,” Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution, September 7, 2006.
Page 113 One school in Wisconsin . . . Portland, Oregon, school district: Annys s.h.i.+n, ”Removing Schools' Soda Is Sticky Point,” Annys s.h.i.+n, ”Removing Schools' Soda Is Sticky Point,” Was.h.i.+ngton Post Was.h.i.+ngton Post, March 22, 2007; Arthur Gregg Sulzberger, ”Threat of Fine Forces Talks on c.o.ke Sales,” Oregonian Oregonian (Portland), February 6, 2007. (Portland), February 6, 2007.
Page 113 It took six months: Krisy Obbink, director of dining services, Portland (Oregon) Public Schools, interview by the author. Krisy Obbink, director of dining services, Portland (Oregon) Public Schools, interview by the author.
Page 113 local affiliates of the American Heart a.s.sociation: ”Is the American Heart a.s.sociation Pulling Its Troops out of State Beverage Fights?” ”Is the American Heart a.s.sociation Pulling Its Troops out of State Beverage Fights?” Corporate Crime Reporter Corporate Crime Reporter, June 1, 2006; Simon, e-mail to the author.
Page 113 A past president of the AHA: David Faxon, interview by the author. David Faxon, interview by the author.
Page 113 thirty-four states had some combination: Mich.e.l.le M. Mello et al., ”The Interplay of Public Health Law and Industry Self-Regulation: The Case of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Sales in Schools,” Mich.e.l.le M. Mello et al., ”The Interplay of Public Health Law and Industry Self-Regulation: The Case of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Sales in Schools,” American Journal of Public Health American Journal of Public Health 98, no. 4 (April 2008), 13-22. 98, no. 4 (April 2008), 13-22.
Page 114 On a federal level: Jane Black, ”Senate Drops Measure to Greatly Reduce Sugar and Fat in Food at Schools,” Jane Black, ”Senate Drops Measure to Greatly Reduce Sugar and Fat in Food at Schools,” Was.h.i.+ngton Post Was.h.i.+ngton Post, December 15, 2007.
Page 114 study by a consultant . . . down 88 percent: American Beverage a.s.sociation, Alliance School Beverage Guidelines Final Progress Report, March 8, 2010. American Beverage a.s.sociation, Alliance School Beverage Guidelines Final Progress Report, March 8, 2010.
Page 114 ”It's a brand new day”: American Beverage a.s.sociation, ”Beverage Industry Delivers on Commitment to Remove Regular Soft Drinks in Schools, Driving 88% Decline in Calories,” March 8, 2010. American Beverage a.s.sociation, ”Beverage Industry Delivers on Commitment to Remove Regular Soft Drinks in Schools, Driving 88% Decline in Calories,” March 8, 2010.
Page 114 grudgingly accept the ABA report: Margo Wootan, interview by the author. Margo Wootan, interview by the author.
Page 114 industry-funded study with a jaundiced eye: Roberta Friedman, public policy director, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Yale University, and Simon, interviews by the author. Roberta Friedman, public policy director, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Yale University, and Simon, interviews by the author.
Page 114 one independent study . . . never even heard of them: Lindsey Turner, research a.s.sistant professor of nutrition, Inst.i.tute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois, Chicago, interview by the author. Lindsey Turner, research a.s.sistant professor of nutrition, Inst.i.tute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois, Chicago, interview by the author.
Page 115 soda sales fell in the United States: Melanie Warner, ”Soda Sales Fall for First Time in 20 Years,” Melanie Warner, ”Soda Sales Fall for First Time in 20 Years,” New York Times New York Times, March 9, 2006.
Page 115 2.3 percent . . . in 2009: Valerie Bauerlein, ”U.S. Soda Sales Fell at Slower Rate Last Year,” Valerie Bauerlein, ”U.S. Soda Sales Fell at Slower Rate Last Year,” Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, March 25, 2010.
Page 116 A 2008 study in Maine: Janet E. Whatley Blum et al., ”Reduced Availability of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Diet Soda Has a Limited Impact on Beverage Consumption Patterns in Maine High School Youth,” Janet E. Whatley Blum et al., ”Reduced Availability of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Diet Soda Has a Limited Impact on Beverage Consumption Patterns in Maine High School Youth,” Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 40, no. 6 (November-December 2008), 341-347. 40, no. 6 (November-December 2008), 341-347.
Page 116 Another study, of 11,000 fifth-graders: Meenaks.h.i.+ M. Fernandes, ”The Effect of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption,” Meenaks.h.i.+ M. Fernandes, ”The Effect of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption,” Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation Journal of the American Dietetic a.s.sociation 108, no. 9 (September 2008), 1445-1452; Elsevier company news, ”New Study a.s.sesses the Impact of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption,” September 2, 2008. 108, no. 9 (September 2008), 1445-1452; Elsevier company news, ”New Study a.s.sesses the Impact of Soft Drink Availability in Elementary Schools on Consumption,” September 2, 2008.
Page 116 6 percent in 2007 and 5 percent in 2008: The Coca-Cola Company Annual Report 2009. The Coca-Cola Company Annual Report 2009.
Page 116 80 percent of c.o.ke's total sales: Joe Guy Collier, ”Worldwide Sales a Tonic for c.o.ke,” Joe Guy Collier, ”Worldwide Sales a Tonic for c.o.ke,” Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution, November 16, 2008.
Page 116 ”lost generation” for soda: Caroline Wilbert, ”Teens Back Off Sugary Drinks,” Caroline Wilbert, ”Teens Back Off Sugary Drinks,” Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution Atlanta Journal-Const.i.tution, June 22, 2006.
CHAPTER 5. THE BOTTLED WATER LIE.
Page 119 Perrier had introduced . . . getting for free: Elizabeth Royte, Elizabeth Royte, Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It (New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2008), 30; Charles Fishman, ”Message in a Bottle,” (New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2008), 30; Charles Fishman, ”Message in a Bottle,” Fast Company Fast Company, December 19, 2007.
Page 119 Perrier's profits from water rose: Fishman, ”Message in a Bottle.” Fishman, ”Message in a Bottle.”
Page 119 Evian, pioneered the use of lightweight bottles: Fishman, ”Message in a Bottle.” Fishman, ”Message in a Bottle.”
Page 120 $160 million recall: Alan Riding, Alan Riding, New York Times New York Times, ”Perrier Widens Recall After Finding,” February 15, 1990.
Page 120 swooped in to acquire Perrier: Richard Tomlinson, ”Troubled Waters at Perrier,” Richard Tomlinson, ”Troubled Waters at Perrier,” Fortune Fortune, November 29, 2004.
Page 120 sales shot up from $115 million: Royte, 33; Tony Clarke, Royte, 33; Tony Clarke, Inside the Bottle: Exposing the Bottled Water Industry Inside the Bottle: Exposing the Bottled Water Industry (Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2007 [orig. pub. 2005]), 24. (Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2007 [orig. pub. 2005]), 24.
Page 120 profit margins on water: Clarke, 83; Betsy McKay, ”c.o.ke Strays from the Real Thing-Investors Fret That Bottled Water, Other Beverages, Don't Quench Their Thirst for Soft-Drink Profit,” Clarke, 83; Betsy McKay, ”c.o.ke Strays from the Real Thing-Investors Fret That Bottled Water, Other Beverages, Don't Quench Their Thirst for Soft-Drink Profit,” Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal, October 29, 2002.
Page 120 proprietary mix of minerals: Hays, 246-247. Hays, 246-247.
Page 120 Intended to signal relaxation and refreshment: David F. Gallagher, ”Just Say No to H David F. Gallagher, ”Just Say No to H2O (Unless It's c.o.ke's Own Brew),” New York Times New York Times, September 2, 2001.
Page 120 bought Belmont Springs . . . lackl.u.s.ter sales: Clarke, 30. Clarke, 30.
Page 120 $20 million campaign: ”Dasani Pours on Wellness,” ”Dasani Pours on Wellness,” Brandweek Brandweek, April 23, 2001.
Page 120 c.o.ke targeted women . . . replenished themselves with Dasani: ”Dasani and ”Dasani and Glamour Glamour Magazine Launch National Contest to Honor Women at Their Best,” Internet Wire, July 19, 2002. Magazine Launch National Contest to Honor Women at Their Best,” Internet Wire, July 19, 2002.
Page 121 up to $8.5 billion overall: Beverage Marketing Corporation, ”Bottled Water Perseveres in a Difficult Year, New Data from Beverage Marketing Corporation Show,” April 20, 2009. Beverage Marketing Corporation, ”Bottled Water Perseveres in a Difficult Year, New Data from Beverage Marketing Corporation Show,” April 20, 2009.
Page 121 behind Pepsi's Aquafina: Hillary Chura, ”Dasani: Kellam Graitcer,” Hillary Chura, ”Dasani: Kellam Graitcer,” Advertising Age Advertising Age, October 8, 2001.
Page 121 average French person drank: Paul Simao, ”Bottled Water War Cuts into Profits,” Paul Simao, ”Bottled Water War Cuts into Profits,” Calgary Herald Calgary Herald, January 31, 2004.
Page 121 7 million: ”LFH Bottles Coca-Cola Water Brand,” ”LFH Bottles Coca-Cola Water Brand,” Design Week Design Week, February 5, 2004.