Part 19 (1/2)

[Footnote 7: Parsons, _Inside View_, etc, p 248]

The enlightenroes, however, was not limited to what could be accomplished by individual efforts In many southern communities colored schools were maintained in defiance of public opinion or in violation of the law Patrick Snead of Savannah was sent to a private institution until he could spell quite well and then to a Sunday-school for colored children[1] Richard M Hancock wrote of studying in a private school in Newbern, North Carolina;[2] John S

Leary went to one in Fayetteville eight years;[3] and WA Pettiford of this State enjoyed si the fifties He then ain had the opportunity to attend a special school[4] About 1840, JF Boulder was a student in a mixed school of white and colored pupils in Delaware[5] Bishop JM Brown, a native of the saht by a friendly woman of the Quaker sect[6] John A Hunter, of Maryland, was sent to a school for white children kept by the sister of his mistress, but his second master said that Hunter should not have been allowed to study and stopped his attendance[7] Francis L Cardozo of Charleston, South Carolina, entered school there in 1842 and continued his studies until he elve years of age[8] During the fifties JW Morris of the sauished Simeon Beard[9] In the same way T McCants Stewart[10] and the Griin their education there prior to eee_, p 99]

[Footnote 2: Simmons, _Men of Mark_, p 406]

[Footnote 3: Ibid, p 432]

[Footnote 4: Ibid, p 469]

[Footnote 5: Ibid, p 708]

[Footnote 6: Ibid, 930]

[Footnote 7: Drew, _Refugee_, p 114]

[Footnote 8: Simmons, _Men of Mark_, 428]

[Footnote 9: Ibid, p 162]

[Footnote 10: Ibid, p 1052]

[Footnote 11: This is their own statement]

More schools for slaves existed than white men knew of, for it was difficult to find the her visit to Charleston, but she had extre such an institution When she finally located one and gained admission into its quiet chamber, she noticed in a wretched dark hole a ”half-dozen poor children, soreat stupidity and mere aniia and Florida planters who had established schools for the education of the children of their slaves with the intention of preparing thes”[2] Frances Anne Kemble noted such instances in her diary[3]

Theof these cases was discovered by the Union Aria Unsuspected by the slave power and undeterred by the terrors of the law, a colored woman by the naro school in the city of Savannah[4]

[Footnote 1: Bremer, _The Homes of the New World_, vol ii, p 499]

[Footnote 2: _Ibid_, p 491; Burke, _Reia_, p

85]

[Footnote 3: Kemble, _Journal_, etc, p 34]

[Footnote 4: _Special Report of the US Coinia continued to maintain schools despite the fact that the fear of servile insurrection caused the State to exercise due vigilance in the execution of the laws The father of Richard De Baptiste of Fredericksburg made his own residence a school with his children and a few of those of his relatives as pupils

The as begun by a Negro and continued by an educated Scotch-Irish in his native land Beco suspicious that a school of this kind was maintained at the home of De Baptiste, the police watched the place but failed to find sufficient evidence to close the institution before it had done its work[1]

[Footnote 1: Simmons, _Men of Mark_, p 352]

In 1854 there was found in Norfolk, Virginia, what the radically proslavery people considered a dangerous white wohter had for three years been teaching a school roes[1] It was evident that this institution had not been run so clandestinely but that the opposition to the education of Negroes in that city had probably been too weak to bring about the close of the school at an earlier date Mrs Douglass and her pupils were arrested and brought before the court, where she was charged with violating the laws of the State The defendant acknowledged her guilt, but, pleading ignorance of the laas discharged on the condition that she would not co the court for this liberal decision the _Rich ”a very convenient way of getting out of the scrape” The editor einia imposed on such offenders the penalty of one hundred dollars fine and imprisonment for six months, and that its positive teristrate”[2]

[Footnote 1: Parsons, _Inside View of Slavery_, p 251; and Lyhfaces_, p 43]

[Footnote 2: _13th Annual Report of the An Antislavery Societies_, 1853, p 143]

All such schools, however, were not secretly kept Writing from Charleston in 1851 Fredrika Bremer made mention of two colored schools One of these was a school for free Negroes kept with open doors by a white master Their books which she examined were the same as those used in Aton, Kentucky, had in 1830 a school in which thirty colored children were taught by a white ed himself to devote the rest of his life to the uplift of his ”black brethren”[3] Travelers noted that colored schools were found also in Richmond, Maysville, Danville, and Louisville decades before the Civil War[4] Willia at Louisville in a day and night school with an enrollment of one hundred pupils, many of ere slaves ritten permits from their masters to attend[5] Some years later WH