Part 7 (1/2)

[Footnote 18: _The Maryland Gazette_, Feb 27, 1755; and Oct 27, 1768; _The Maryland Journal and Baltiinia Herald_ (Fredericksburg), Jan 21, 1800]

[Footnote 19: _The Maryland Gazette_, Feb 1, 1755 and Feb 1, 1798; _The State Gazette of North Carolina_, April 30, 1789; _The Norfolk and Portsmouth Chronicle_, April 24, 1790; _The City Gazette and Daily Advertiser_ (Charleston, South Carolina), Jan 5, 1799; and March 7, 1801; _The Carolina Gazette_, Feb 4, 1802; and _The Virginia Herald_ (Fredericksburg), Jan 21, 1800]

[Footnote 20: _The City Gazette and Daily Advertiser_, Jan 5, 1799; and March 5, 1800; _The Gazette of the State of South Carolina_, Aug

16, 1784; and _The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser_, Sept

20, 1793]

[Footnote 21: _The City Gazette of South Carolina_, Jan 5, 1799]

[Footnote 22: The City Gazette and Daily Advertiser (Charleston, South Carolina), June 22 and Aug 8, 1797; April 1 and May 15, 1799]

Equally convincing as to the educational progress of the colored race were the high attainroes who, despite the fact that they had little opportunity, surpassed in intellect a large nu as sales and preaching, and had intellectually advanced to the extent that fifteen or twenty per cent

of their adults could then at least read Most of this talented class beca even conditionally open to persons of African blood Ae Leile,[1] on distinction as a preacher in Georgia in 1782, and then went to Jamaica where he founded the first Baptist church of that colony The coable Andrew Bryan[2] proved to be a worthy successor of George Leile in Georgia Froations in Charles City, Petersburg, and Allen's Creek in Lunenburg County, Virginia[3] In 1801 Gowan Paressive Baptist church, some members of which could read, write, and keep accounts[4] Lemuel Haynes was then widely known as a well-educated minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church John Gloucester, who had been trained under Gideon Blackburn of Tennessee, distinguished himself in Philadelphia where he founded the African Presbyterian Church[5] One of theof these preachers was Josiah Bishop By 1791 he had made such a record in his profession that he was called to the pastorate of the First Baptist Church (white) of Ports his white brethren a number of years he preached soe of the Abyssinian Baptist Church[7] This favorable condition of affairs could not long exist after the aristocratic eleround it had lost during the social upheaval of the revolutionary era It was the objection to treating Negroes as members on a plane of equality with all, that led to the establishment of colored Baptist churches and to the secession of the Negro Methodists under the leadershi+p of Richard Allen in 1794

The importance of this moveer nuroes had to be educated to carry on the work of the new churches

[Footnote 1: He was soe Sharp See Benedict, _History of the Baptists_, etc, p 189]

[Footnote 2: _Ibid_, p 189]

[Footnote 3: Semple, _History of the Baptists_, etc, p 112]

[Footnote 4: _Ibid_, p 114]

[Footnote 5: Baird, _A Collection_, etc, p 817]

[Footnote 6: Semple, _History of the Baptists_, etc, p 355]

[Footnote 7: _Ibid_, p 356]

The intellectual progress of the colored people of that day, however, was not restricted to their clergy to excel in various walks of life Two such persons were found in North Carolina One of these was known as Caesar, the author of a collection of poems, which, when published in that State, attained a popularity equal to that of Bloo the poems stated that they were characterized by ”siro of North Carolina was mentioned in 1799 by Buchan in his _Domestic Medicine_ as the discoverer of a remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake Buchan learned fro from the discovery of this slave, the General assembly of North Carolina purchased his freedom and settled upon him a hundred pounds per annum[3]

[Footnote 1: Baldwin, _Observations_, etc, p 20]

[Footnote 2: _Ibid_, p 21]

[Footnote 3: Smyth, _A Tour in the US_, p 109; and Baldwin, _Observations_, p 20]

To this class of bright Negroes belonged Thomas Fuller, a native African, who resided near Alexandria, Virginia, where he startled the students of his time by his unusual attainments in mathematics, despite the fact that he could neither read nor write Once acquainted with the power of nu the hairs of the tail of the horse hich he worked the fields He soon devised processes for shortening hissuch skill and accuracy as to solve theupon his own system of mental arithmetic he learned to obtain accurate results just as quickly as Mr Zerah Colburn, a noted calculator of that day, who tested the Negro mathematician[1] The most abstruse questions in relation to time, distance, and space were no task for his miraculous memory, which, when theand tedious calculation, enabled him to take up some other work and later resume his calculation where he left off[2] One of the questions propounded him, was how many seconds of time had elapsed since the birth of an individual who had lived seventy years, seven months, and as many days Fuller was able to answer the question in a minute and a half

[Footnote 1: Baldwin, _Observations_, p 21]

[Footnote 2: Needles, _An Historical Mero of this type was James Durham, a native slave of the city of Philadelphia Durham was purchased by Dr Dove, a physician in New Orleans, who, seeing the divine spark in the slave, gave him a chance for mental development It was fortunate that he was thrown upon his own resources in this environenation of the races since the early French settleressive class of es and i a rudies, speaking English, French, and Spanish fluently Beginning his medical education early in his career, he finished his course, and by the tie becauished physicians[1] of New Orleans Dr Benjamin Rush, the noted physician of Philadelphia, as educated at the Edinburgh Medical College, once deigned to converse professionally with Dr