Part 41 (1/2)

Harnden, Toby. Dead Men Risen: The Welsh Guards and the Real Story of Britain's War in Afghanistan. Dead Men Risen: The Welsh Guards and the Real Story of Britain's War in Afghanistan. London: Quercus, 2011. London: Quercus, 2011.

Herr, Michael. Dispatches Dispatches. New York: Vintage, 1991.

Jalali, Ali Ahmad, and Lester Grau. The Other Side of the Mountain: Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War. The Other Side of the Mountain: Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Books Express, 2010. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Books Express, 2010.

Junger, Sebastian. WAR WAR. New York: Twelve, 2010.

Krakauer, Jon. Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman. Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman. New York: Doubleday, 2009. New York: Doubleday, 2009.

Marlantes, Karl. Matterhorn: A Novel of the Vietnam War. Matterhorn: A Novel of the Vietnam War. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2010. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2010.

Marlantes, Karl. What It Is Like to Go to War. What It Is Like to Go to War. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2011. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2011.

Moore, Lieutenant General Harold (Retired), and Joseph Galloway. We Were Soldiers Once... and Young: Ia Drang-The Battle That Changed the War in Vietnam We Were Soldiers Once... and Young: Ia Drang-The Battle That Changed the War in Vietnam. New York: Random House, 1992.

Naylor, Sean. Not a Good Day to Die: The Untold Story of Operation Anaconda. Not a Good Day to Die: The Untold Story of Operation Anaconda. New York: Berkley, 2005. New York: Berkley, 2005.

O'Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. The Things They Carried. New York: Broadway, 1998. New York: Broadway, 1998.

Raddatz, Martha. The Long Road Home: A Story of War and Family. The Long Road Home: A Story of War and Family. New York: Penguin, 2007. New York: Penguin, 2007.

Stewart, Rory. The Places in Between. The Places in Between. New York: Harcourt, 2004. New York: Harcourt, 2004.

Strand, Richard. Nuristan Web site: http//:, who was generous enough to share with me some of his recordings as well as his thoughts about his time embedded with 3-71 Cav Ryan Coulter Judy Craig, widow of Heathe Craig Chris Cunningham Darian Decker Pat Donahue Karl Eikenberry Kristen Fenty, widow of Joe Fenty Tony Feagin David Fisher Adones Flores Matt Gooding Chris Grzecki Jason Guthrie Matt Hall John Hawes Scott Heintzelman, brigade operations officer for Colonel Mick Nicholson Michael Hendy Mike Howard David Katz, U.S. State Department Beth Keating, mother of Ben Keating Ken Keating, father of Ben Keating, who like his wife, Beth, was incredibly generous in sharing with me their son's emails and letters home, which helped me explain his point of view. Thoughts attributed to Ben were either expressed in letters or stated to individuals who relayed those thoughts to me.

Dustin Kittle Jessica Lewis, sister of Ben Keating Daniel Linnihan Heather McDougal, girlfriend of Ben Keating Tim Martin William Metheny Matt Meyer Dr. Gerald Meyerle, a research a.n.a.lyst in CNA's Stability and Development Program. Meyerle is one of three authors of Counterinsurgency on the Ground in Afghanistan: How Different Units Adapted to Local Conditions Counterinsurgency on the Ground in Afghanistan: How Different Units Adapted to Local Conditions, published by CNA in November 2010.

Charlee Miller, mother of Joe Fenty Brian Molby Paul Monti, father of Jared Monti Matt Netzel John ”Mick” Nicholson, Jr.

Javid Nuristani Tamim Nuristani Cheryl Lee Nussberger, mother of Pat Lybert (now Cheryl Lee Patrick) Shawn Pa.s.sman Aaron Pearsall Nick Pilozzi Terry Raynor Josh Renken Jeremiah Ridgeway Kevin Roland, who knew Buddy Hughie from the Oklahoma National Guard Donald Rozman, who investigated the helicopter crash that caused the death of Lieutenant Colonel Fenty and nine others Jessica Saenz Michael Schmidt Adam Sears Steve Snyder (not his real name) James Avant Smith Sean Smith Pete Stambersky Jesse Steele Richard Strand, Nuristan expert Dennis Sugrue Thom Sutton Aaron Swain Richard Timmons Gretchen Timmons, wife of Richard Timmons Unnamed Special Forces officers Tracy Vaillancourt, mother of Brian Moquin, Jr.

Jason Westbrook Jeffrey Williams Dave Young

Everyone I interviewed informed the book in some way, even if he or she is not specifically cited in the chapter-by-chapter endnotes that follow.

Prologue: Focus

Information about the conversation between Whittaker and Lockner came from interviews with both men.

Donahue's thoughts about Nuristan were expressed in an interview with him.

David Katz and Richard Strand were both incredibly helpful sources not only for the prologue but for the entire book. Their expertise about Nuristan may be unparalalled in the Western world.

Interviews with Nicholson and Warheit also informed this chapter.

”The Man Who Would Be King,” by Rudyard Kipling, first appeared in The Phantom Rickshaw and Other Eerie Tales The Phantom Rickshaw and Other Eerie Tales (part of the (part of the Indian Railway Library Indian Railway Library), published in 1888 by A. H. Wheeler & Co of Allahabad. The ebook version was posted in 2003 and may be downloaded through Project Gutenberg.

Information about the attack on Combat Outpost Keating was taken from the Army's investigation into the attack and the author's myriad interviews (see notes on book 3.) The quotes from insurgents came from videos of the attack posted on the Internet by enemy forces. They were translated by Javid Nuristani.

Chapter 1: Every Man an Alexander

Memories of Mefloquine nightmares were recounted by many interviewees. In 2009, the Army issued a policy directive listing the drug as the third choice to combat malaria. See Patricia Kime, ”New Concerns Rising over Antimalaria Drug,” Army Times, Army Times, April 11, 2012. April 11, 2012.

Information about the convoys came from interviews with Berkoff, Decker, Gooding, Johnson, and Pilozzi. Ken Keating and Heather McDougal shared emails and photographs from Ben.

Information about the attacks in March 2006 came from the Pentagon's public-affairs office.

Information about Ben Keating's thoughts and past came from his family and his emails home.

The quote ”... allies and enemies were often indistinguishable until it was too late” is from Frank Holt, Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005). (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005).

The Spartan mother's admonition to her son to return ”with your s.h.i.+eld or on it” originated in an essay by Plutarch, ”Sayings of Spartan Women,” which was included in his miscellany Moralia Moralia: ”Another, as she handed her son his s.h.i.+eld, exhorted him, saying, 'Either this or upon this.' ” In 2003, a fact-checker for ”The Straight Dope” column and Web site investigated how likely it was that the anecdote was historically accurate, given that Plutarch was not writing contemporaneously with the Spartans' era of military glory. He ultimately concluded that the quote was ”anecdotal, uncorroborated, and far removed from the source” but nevertheless ”plausible.” (”The Straight Dope,” September 23, 2003.) Information about Nicholson's views and background came from multiple interviews with him.

The fact that briefings often relied on Wikipedia references was taken from 3-71 Cav background materials obtained by author.

The statement ”I changed my mind” can be found in George W. Bush, Decision Points Decision Points (New York: Random House, 2010). President Bush spoke at the Virginia Military Inst.i.tute on April 17, 2002. The quote ”had a strategic interest in helping the Afghan people build a free society” is also taken from (New York: Random House, 2010). President Bush spoke at the Virginia Military Inst.i.tute on April 17, 2002. The quote ”had a strategic interest in helping the Afghan people build a free society” is also taken from Decision Points. Decision Points.

The strategy for 3-71 was related in interviews with Donahue, Nicholson, Berkoff, Timmons, and Eikenberry.

The stories about Keating at a U.S. base and then in a marketplace were related in emails written by Keating in May 2006. The base was then a PRT in Jalalabad and is now a U.S. base called Finley-s.h.i.+elds.

Chapter 2: ”Major Joe Fenty, Hard Worker”

Information about Fenty's convoy came from an interview with Berkoff.

Biographical information about Fenty was taken from interviews with Kristen Fenty, Miller, and Cavoli.