Part 12 (1/2)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 319]

Figure 321 shows two separate looping ridge formations appearing side by side and upon the same side of the delta. The core in such case is placed upon the nearer shoulder of the farther looping ridge from the delta, the two looping ridges being considered as one loop with two rods rising as high as the shoulder. The ridge count would be four (fig. 49).

Figure 322 is an accidental whorl. It is cla.s.sified thus because it contains elements of three different patterns, the loop, the double loop, and the accidental. In such case the order of preference governs. The delta at the left is point A. The delta at the right is point C. This point becomes the delta since it is the point nearest the center of the divergence of the type lines. Point B is eliminated from consideration as a delta since type lines may not proceed from a bifurcation unless they flow parallel after the bifurcation and before diverging.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 320]

[Ill.u.s.tration: 321]

[Ill.u.s.tration: 322]

Figure 323 is a loop. There are two delta formations but the dots cannot be considered as obstructions crossing the line of flow at right angles. This precludes the cla.s.sification of the central pocket loop type of whorl.

Figure 324 is a loop, the two recurving ridges have appendages and are considered spoiled. The pattern cannot, therefore, be a whorl even though two delta formations are present.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 323]

[Ill.u.s.tration: 324]

Figure 325 is cla.s.sified as a tented arch. If examined closely the pattern will be seen to have an appendage ab.u.t.ting at a right angle between the shoulders of each possible recurve. Thus no sufficient recurve is present.

Figure 326 is a plain arch. There is present no angle which approaches a right angle. Points A, B, and X are merely bifurcations rather than an abutment of two ridges at an angle.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 325]

[Ill.u.s.tration: 326]

Figure 327 is a tented arch, not because of the dot, however, as it cannot be considered an upthrust. The tented arch is formed by the angle made when the curving ridge above the dot abuts upon the ridge immediately under and to the left of the dot.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 327]

[Ill.u.s.tration: 328]

Figure 328 consists of two separate looping ridge formations in juxtaposition upon the same side of a common delta. This pattern cannot be called a double loop as there is no second delta formation.

In order to locate the core, the two looping ridges should be treated as one loop with two rods in the center. The core is thus placed on the far rod (actually on the left shoulder of the far loop), resulting in a ridge count of four (fig. 49).

[Ill.u.s.tration: 329]

[Ill.u.s.tration: 330]

Figure 329 is a loop of three counts. It cannot be cla.s.sified as a whorl as the only recurve is spoiled by the appendage ab.u.t.ting upon it at the point of contact with the line of flow.

Figure 330 is a plain arch as there is no upthrust (an upthrust must be an ending ridge), no backward looping turn, and no two ridges ab.u.t.ting upon each other at a sufficient angle.

Figure 331 is a plain arch. The ending ridge at the center does not rise at a sufficient angle to be considered an upthrust, and it does not quite meet the ridge toward which it is flowing and therefore forms no angle.

Figure 332 is a plain arch. There are two ending ridges, but no separate delta formation is present.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 331]