Part 53 (1/2)

SIGNALS MADE WHEN THE PERSON OF THE SIGNALIST IS NOT VISIBLE

Those noted consist of SMOKE, FIRE, or DUST signals

_SMOKE SIGNALS GENERALLY_

They [the Indians] had abandoned the coast, along which bale-fires were left burning and sending up their columns of smoke to advise the distant bands of the arrival of their old ene a condensed account of De Soto's expedition)

”Their systeht seehly are they understood by the savages that it is availed of frequently to i smokes, by which many important facts are coible by the manner, size, number, or repetition of the srass” (Josiah Gregg's _Commerce of the Prairies_ _New York_, 1844, vol ii, p 286)

The highest elevations of land are selected as stations fronals with smoke are made These can be seen at a distance of fro the nus are conveyed Thethe telegraphic alphabet, is arranged by building a s an arrass or weeds over the fire, as if to smother it, a dense white smoke is created, which ordinarily will ascend in a continuous vertical colu established a current of s it over the srass fro the edges and corners of the blanket, he confines the smoke, and is in this way able to retain it for severalthe blanket, the operator is enabled to cause a dense voluth or shortness of which, as well as the nuulate perfectly, simply by a proper use of the blanket (Custer's _My life on the Plains_, _loc cit_, p 187)

They gathered an arrass and weeds, which were placed and carried upon the highest point of the peak, where, everything being in readiness, the round; but the blaze was no sooner well lighted and about to envelop the entire arass collected than it was sray san to ascend in a perpendicular coluht be taken for the srass was then covered with a blanket, the corners of which were held so closely to the ground as to almost co a fewto escape from beneath, the blanket was suddenly thrown aside, when a beautiful balloon-shaped column puffed up ward like the white cloud of sain casting the blanket on the pile of grass, the coluain in due ti-shaped puffs of sular ht froan to ascend, was visible from points on the level plain fiftyextracts are made from Fremont's _First and Second Expeditions_, 1842-3-4, Ex Doc, 28th Cong 2d Session, Senate, Washi+ngton, 1845:

”Colunals by which the Indians here, as elsewhere, communicate to each other that enemies are in the country,” p 220

This was January 18, 1844, in the vicinity of Pyranalists were Pai-Utes

”While ere speaking, a srove belohich plainly told us what had befallen hi Indians that a blow had been struck, and to tell theuard,” p 268, 269 This was on May 5, 1844, near the Rio Virgen, Utah, and was narrated of ”Diggers,” probably Chemehuevas

ARRIVAL OF A PARTY AT AN APPOINTED PLACE, WHEN ALL IS SAFE

This isupward one colurass This is only used by previous agreenal is answered in the same manner But should either party discover the presence of enenal would be made, but the fact would be communicated by a runner (_Dakota_ I)

SUCCESS OF A WAR PARTY

Whenever a war party, consisting of either Pio, or Maricopa Indians, returned from an expedition into the Apache country, their success was announced from the first and most distant elevation visible from their settlements The nu nued in a horizontal line, side by side, so as to be distinguishable by the observers When the returning party was unsuccessful, no such signals were339 A sih the custom has apparently been discontinued by thea-xe, S from war

_SMOKE SIGNALS OF THE APACHES_

The following information was obtained by Dr WJ HOFFMAN froe 407, under the title of TINNEAN, (_Apache_ I):

Thesmoke of sufficient density and color consist of pine or cedar boughs, leaves and grass, which can nearly always be obtained in the regions occupied by the Apaches of Northern New Mexico These Indians state that they enals, each of which consists of colu fronal isthree or er or the approach of an enemy, and also requires the concentration of those who see thenals are communicated frouided by their location The greater the haste desired the greater the number of columns of smoke These are often so hastily made that theyheaps of grass and leaves upon the enal of successful war-party]