Part 12 (1/2)

Rev GL Deffenbaugh describes whatthe Sahaptins in connection with the sign for _good_; ie, _very good_ ”Place the left hand in position in front of the body with all fingers closed except first, thuht hand extended in saer of left hand, move it up the arm till near the body and then to a point in front of breast to ood_”

For the latter see EXTRACTS FROM DICTIONARY page 487, _infra_ The san for _bad_ as an intensive

Another intensive is reported by Mr Benjaency, Indian Territory, in which after the sign for _bad_ is _ is used by the Comanches as follows: Place the clinched left fist horizontally in front of the breast, back forward, then pass the palht fist doard in front of the knuckles of the left

Dr WH Corbusier, assistant surgeon USA, writes as follows in response to a special inquiry on the subject: ”By carrying the right fist fro the _ is made For _brave_, first strike the chest over the heart with the right fist two or three tin for _strong_ expresses the superlative when used with other signs; with coward it denotes a base coward; with hunger, starvation; and with sorrow, bitter sorrow I have not seen it used with the sign for pleasure or that of hunger, nor can I learn that it is ever used with them”

OPPOSITION

The principle of opposition, as between the right and left hands, and between the thu Indians in some expressions for ”above,” ”below,” ”forward,” ”back,”

but is not so couished frons of deaf-rees of co the left hand horizontal, and in front of the body, fingers open, but joined together, palers open but joined, palm doard, an inch or more above the left, and raised and lowered a few inches several ti indicated as ”above”

is only a _little_ above, this concludes the sign, but if it be _considerably_ above, the right hand is raised higher and higher as the height to be expressed is greater, until, if _enorh as possible, and, fixing his eyes on the zenith, eed as he desires to express the greater height All this tiestured in a correspondinghelddown

The code of the Cistercian e part on a systeht out by an elaborate process of invention rather than by spontaneous figuration, and is ers at the right side of the nose stand for ”friend,” and the same at the left side for ”ene, and placed the little finger on the tip of the nose for ”fool” er there for ”wise man”

PROPER NAMES

It is well known that the names of Indians are alenerally refer to so often some attribute or position of that aniuage, but therethe anin used, not to designate that animal, but as a proper name A curious device to differentiate proper names was observed as resorted to by a Brule Dakota After n of the animal he passed his index forward from the mouth in a direct line, and explained it orally as ”that is his name,” ie, the narammatic division of substantives maybe correlated with the nate naraphs, ie, by a line fro a man to the ani 150 thus shows the naallalla chief, drawn by hined to represent red, or _gules_, according to the heraldic scheme of colors, which is used in other parts of this paper where it seenate particular colors The writer possesses in painted robes many examples in which lines are drawn fro 150]

It would be interesting to dwell more than is now allowed upon the peculiar objectiveness of Indian proper names with the result, if not the intention, that they can all be signified in gesture, whereas the best sign-talker a deaf- in his speech or narrative and, necessarily ceasing signs, resorts to the dactylic alphabet Indians are generally na to a clan or totemic system, but later in life often acquire a new name or perhaps several names in succession froiven by no means compliinal names, are connected with material objects or with substantive actions so as to be expressible in a graphic picture, and, therefore, in a pictorial sign The determination to use names of this connotive character is shown by the objective translation, whenever possible, of those European names which it became necessary to introduce into their speech Willia the word for feather-quill in the Mohawk dialect The nany” which was translated by the Iroquois ”Onontio”--”Great Mountain,” and beco associated with the title, has been applied to all successive Canadian governors, though the origin being generally forgotten, it has been considered as a metaphorical compliment It is also said that Governor Fletcher was not nareat swift arrow,” because of his speedy arrival at a critical tiy of his name--”arrow maker” (_Fr flechier_)

GENDER

This is souish the sex of animals, when the difference in appearance allows of such varied portraiture An exaiven by the Prince of Wied The forhtly closed hands on both sides of the head, with the fingers forward;” the latter is, ”Curve the two forefingers, place them on the sides of the head and move them several times” The short stubby horns of the bull appear to be indicated, and the cow's ears are seencovered by the bull's shock mane Tribes in which the hair of the woed froesture In many cases the sex of anin for male or female

TENSE

While it has been ns to express tense, yet the conception of present, past, and future is gestured without difficulty A cons for _to-day_, one of which is, ”(1) both hands extended, palms outward; (2) swept slowly forward and to each side, to convey the idea of openness” (_Cheyenne_ II) This may combine the idea of _noith _openness_, the first part of it resen for _here_ or _now_

Two signs nearly related together are also reported as expressing the ht hand extended, upright, &c (J), is carried upward in front of the right side of the body and above the head so that the extended finger points toward the center of the heavens, and then carried doard in front of the right breast, forefinger still pointing upright” (_Dakota_ I) ”Place the extended index, pointing upward, palh as and before the top of the head; push the hand up and down a slight distance several ti directed upward at the time”

(_Hidatsa_ I; _Kaiowa_ I; _Arikara_ I; _Comanche_ III; _Apache_ II; _Wichita_ II)

Tiive a distinctare examples:

_Lately, recently_--Hold the left hand at ar in the direction of the place where the event occurred; then hold the right hand against the right shoulder, closed, but with index extended and pointing in the direction of the left The hands ht extended and the left retained, as the case may require for ease in description (_Absaroka I; Shoshoni and Banak_ I)

_Long ago_--Both hands closed, forefingers extended and straight; pass one hand slowly at arainst the shoulder or near it, pointing in the same direction as the opposite one Frequently the tips of the forefingers are placed together, and the hands drawn apart, until they reach the positions described (_Absaroka_ I; _Shoshoni and Banak_ I)