Part 85 (2/2)

_Id._, p. 353.

The _Chontales_ dwell in the mountain districts N.E. of Lake Nicaragua, besides having miscellaneous villages in Guerrero, Oajaca, Tabasco, Guatemala, and Honduras. 'En el Departamento de Tlacolula ... y se encuentran chontales en Guerrero, en Tabasco y en Guatemala.' _Orozco y Berra_, _Geografia_, pp. 186-7. In San Salvador, Choluteca, Honduras, Nicaragua. _Palacio_, in _Pacheco_, _Col. Doc. Ined._, tom. vi., pp. 7, 26, 35. 'Quiechapa 20 Leguas sudostlich von Oajaca und 10 Leguas sudwestlich von Nej.a.pa.... An den Granzen des Landes der Chontales.' ...

'Tlapalcatepec. Hauptort im Lande der Chontales.' _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, tom. ii., pt. i., pp. 172-3, 175, 192. 'Les Chontales s'etaient vus en possession de toute la contree qui s'etend entre la mer et la chaine de Quyecolani ... etaient en possession non seulement de Nexapa, mais encore de la portion la plus importante de la montagne de Quiyecolani.' _Bra.s.seur de Bourbourg_, _Hist. Nat. Civ._, tom. iii., pp.

3, 47. 'Au nord-ouest du grand lac, les Chondals occupaient le district montagneux appele encore aujourd'hui Chontales, d'apres eux.'

_Holinski_, _La Californie_, p. 290. 'Inhabitants of the mountainous regions to the north-east of the lake of Nicaragua.' _Froebel's Cent.

Amer._, p. 52. 'Au nord des lacs, les Chontales barbares habitaient la cordillere.' _Bra.s.seur de Bourbourg_, _Hist. Nat. Civ._, tom. ii., p.

110. 'The Chontals covered Chontales, northward of Lake Nicaragua, and lying between the tribes already given, and those on the Caribbean Sea.'

_Stout's Nicaragua_, p. 114. 'Bewohner der Gebirgsgegenden nordostlich vom See von Nicaragua.' _Froebel_, _Aus Amer._, tom. i., p. 285. 'In Nicaragua die Chontales im Hochlande im N. des Managua-Sees.' _Wappaus_, _Geog. u. Stat._, p. 246. 'Deste lugar [Yztepeque] comiencan los Chontales.' _Herrera_, _Hist. Gen._, dec. iv., lib. viii., cap. x. 'The Chondals or Chontals, the third great division mentioned by Oviedo, occupied the wide, mountainous region, still bearing the name of Chontales, situated to the northward of Lake Nicaragua, and midway between the nations already named and the savage hordes bordering the Caribbean Sea.' _Squier's Nicaragua_, (Ed. 1856,) vol. ii., p. 311. 'On the northern sh.o.r.es of the Lake of Nicaragua.' _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p.

48. 'The Lencas ... under the various names of Chontals, and perhaps Xicaques and Payas, occupying what is now the Department of San Miguel in San Salvador, of Comayagua, Choluteca, Tegucigalpa, and parts of Olancho and Yoro in Honduras, including the islands of Roatan, Guanaja, and their dependencies.' _Squier's Cent. Amer._, p. 252.

The _Pipiles_ 'n'y occupaient guere quelques cantons sur les cotes de l'ocean Pacifique, dans la province d'Itzcuintlan et ne s'internaient que vers les frontieres de l'etat de San-Salvador, le long des rives du rio Paxa.' _Bra.s.seur de Bourbourg_, _Hist. Nat. Civ._, tom. ii., p. 120.

'Welche den ganzen westlichen Theil des heutigen Staates von S. Salvador sudlich vom Rio Lampa, das sogen. Reich Cozcotlan bewohnten.' _Wappaus_, _Geog. u. Stat._, pp. 322, 326. 'Are settled along the coasts of the Pacific, from the province of Escuintla to that of St. Salvador.... In a short time these Pipiles multiplied immensely, and spread over the provinces of Zonzonate, St. Salvador, and St. Miguel.' _Juarros' Hist.

Guat._, pp. 202, 224. Among 'los Izalcos y costa de Guazacapan ... San Salvador ... Honduras ... Nicaragua.' _Palacio_, in _Pacheco_, _Col.

Doc. Ined._, tom. vi., p. 7.

_Nonohualcas._ 'a la falda de un alto volcan (San Vicente) estan cuatro lugares de indios, que llaman los Nunualcos.' _Id._, p. 25.

_Tlascaltecs._ 'In mehreren Puncten San Salvadors, wie z. B. in Isalco, Mexicanos, Nahuisalco leben noch jetzt Indianer vom Stamme der Tlaskalteken.' _Scherzer_, _Wanderungen_, p. 456.

[Sidenote: NATIONS OF NICARAGUA.]

The _Cholutecs_ 'occupied the districts north of the Nagrandans, extending along the Gulf of Fonseca into what is now Honduras territory.' _Stout's Nicaragua_, p. 114. 'The Cholutecans, speaking the Cholutecan dialect, situated to the northward of the Nagrandans, and extending along the Gulf of Fonseca, into what is now the territory of Honduras. A town and river in the territory here indicated, still bear the name of Choluteca, which however is a Mexican name.' _Squier's Nicaragua_, (Ed. 1856,) vol. ii., p. 310. These Soconusco exiles settled 'dans les terres qui s'etendent au nord et a l'ouest du golfe de Conchagua, aux frontieres de Honduras et de Nicaragua.' _Bra.s.seur de Bourbourg_, _Hist. Nat. Civ._, tom. ii., p. 79. 'Beyond them (Nagrandans) on the gulf of Fonseca, a nation called the Cholutecans had their seats.' _Froebel's Cent. Amer._, p. 53.

_Maribios_, a tribe formerly inhabiting the mountain region about Leon.

'Ihre Wohnsitze bildeten die Provinz Marib.i.+.c.hoa.' _Froebel_, _Aus Amer._, tom. i., p. 333.

'Ay en Nicaragua cinco leguajes ... Coribici ... Chorotega ... Chondal ... Orotina ... Mexicano.' _Gomara_, _Hist. Ind._, fol. 264. 'Hablauan en Nicaragua, cinco lenguas diferentes, Coribizi, que lo hablan mucho en Chuloteca ... Los de Chontal, ... la quarta es Orotina, Mexicana es la quinta.' _Herrera_, _Hist. Gen._, dec. iii., lib. iv., cap. vii. 'In Nicaragua there were fiue linages, and different languages: the Coribici, Ciocotoga, Ciondale, Oretigua, and the Mexican.' _Purchas his Pilgrimes_, vol. v., p. 887; _Oviedo_, _Hist. Gen._, tom. iv., p. 35; _Buschmann_, _Ortsnamen_, p. 132.

The _Chorotegans_ 'occupied the entire country north of the Niquirans, extending along the Pacific Ocean, between it and Lake Managua, to the borders, and probably for a distance along the sh.o.r.es of the gulf of Fonseca. They also occupied the country south of the Niquirans, and around the gulf of Nicoya, then called Orotina.' _Squier's Nicaragua_, (Ed. 1856,) vol. ii., p. 310. 'Welche die Gegenden zwischen der Sudsee und dem Managua-See von der Fonseca-Bai sudwarts bis zu den aztekisch sprechenden Indianern bewohnen und auch sudlich von den Niquirians bis zur Bai von Nicoya sich ausbreiten.' _Wappaus_, _Geog. u. Stat._, p.

246. 'North of the Mexican inhabitants of Nicaragua (the Niquirans), between the Pacific Ocean, Lake Managua, and the Gulf of Fonseca.'

_Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 48. Before the conquest they occupied 'les regions aujourd'hui a peu pres desertes qui s'etendent entre le territoire de Tehuantepec et celui de Soconusco, sur les bords de l'Ocean Pacifique.' ... To escape the Olmec tyranny they emigrated to 'golfe de Nicoya; de la, ils retournerent ensuite, en pa.s.sant les monts, jusqu'au lac de Nicaragua et se fixerent sur ses bords.' Driven off by the Nahuas 'les uns, se dirigeant au nord-ouest, vont fonder Nagarando, au bord du lac de Managua, tandis que les autres contournaient les rivages du golfe de Nicoya, que l'on trouve encore aujourd'hui habites par leurs descendants.' _Bra.s.seur de Bourbourg_, _Popol Vuh_, introd., pp. cc., ccii. 'Als die Spanier nach Nicaragua kamen, war diess Volk an der Kuste verbreitet ... wohnten langs der Kuste des Austroloceans.'

_Ha.s.sel_, _Mex. Guat._, pp. 397-8.

The _Dirians_ 'occupied the territory lying between the upper extremity of Lake Nicaragua, the river Tipitapa, and the southern half of Lake Managua and the Pacific, whose princ.i.p.al towns were situated where now stand the cities of Granada, (then called Salteba,) Masaya, and Managua, and the villages of Tipitapa, Diriomo and Diriamba.' _Squier's Nicaragua_, (Ed. 1856,) vol. ii., p. 310. 'Groupes dans les localites encore connues de Liria, de Diriome, de Diriamba, de Monbacho et de Lenderi, sur les hauteurs qui forment la base du volcan de Mazaya.'

_Bra.s.seur de Bourbourg_, _Hist. Nat. Civ._, tom. ii., p. 111. 'Occupied Masaya, Managua, Tipitapa, Diriomo, and Diriamba.' _Stout's Nicaragua_, p. 114; _Froebel_, _Aus Amer._, tom. i., p. 287.

The _Nagrandans_. 'Entre les Dirias et la Choluteca etait situee la province des Mangnes ou Nagarandas (Torquemada dit que Nagarando est un mot de leur langue. Oviedo les appelle Nagrandas), dont les fertiles campagnes s'etendaient, au nord et a l'ouest du lac de Managua, jusqu'a la mer; on y admirait les cites florissantes de Chinandega, de Chichigalpa, de Pozoltega, de Telica, de Subtiaba, de Nagarando, appelee aussi Xolotlan, de Matiares et une foule d'autres, reduites maintenant, pour la plupart, a de miserables bourgades.' _Bra.s.seur de Bourbourg_, _Hist. Nat. Civ._, tom. ii., pp. 111-12. 'The Nagrandans occupied the plain of Leon between the northern extreme of Lake Managua and the Pacific.' _Stout's Nicaragua_, p. 114. 'An welche sich weiter nordwestwarts (the last mention was Dirians) die Bewohner der Gegend von Leon, welche Squier Nagrander nennt ... anschlossen.' _Froebel_, _Aus Amer._, tom. i., p. 287. 'Chorotega tribe of the plains of Leon, Nicaragua.' _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 130; _Squier's Nicaragua_, (Ed.

1856,) vol. ii., p. 310.

The _Niquirans_ 'settled in the district of Nicaragua, between the Lake of Nicaragua and the Pacific Ocean.' _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 134. 'Au centre du pays, sur le lac Nicaragua, appele Cocibolca par les indigenes, vivaient les Niquirans.' _Holinski_, _La Californie_, p. 290.

Ometepec. 'This island was occupied by the Niquirans.' _Squier's Nicaragua_, (Ed. 1856,) vol. ii., p. 313; _Boyle's Ride_, vol. i., p.

74.

The _Orotinans_ occupied 'the country around the Gulf of Nicoya, and to the southward of Lake Nicaragua.' _Squier's Nicaragua_, (Ed. 1856,) vol.

ii., p. 310. 'Am Golfe von Orotina oder Nicoya.... Unter den geographischen Namen im Lande der Orotiner stosst man auf den Vulkan Orosi, im jetzigen Costa Rica, wahrend einer der Vulkane in der Kette der Maribios, bei Leon, also im Lande der Nagrander, Orota heisst.'

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