Part 70 (1/2)

114-6; _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 61; _Malte-Brun_, _Precis de la Geog._, tom. vi., p. 399. The Apache women, 'Son tan buenas ginetas, que brincan en un potro, y sin mas riendas que un cabrestillo, saben arrendarlo.' _Sonora_, _Descrip. Geog._, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., p. 564; _Pattie's Pers. Nar._, p. 298; _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 28; _Figuier's Hum. Race_, p. 480. 'A short hair halter was pa.s.sed around under the neck of the horse, and both ends tightly braided into the mane, on the withers, leaving a loop to hang under the neck, and against the breast, which, being caught up in the hand, makes a sling into which the elbow falls, taking the weight of the body on the middle of the upper arm. Into this loop the rider drops suddenly and fearlessly, leaving his heel to hang over the back of the horse, to steady him, and also to restore him when he wishes to regain his upright position on the horse's back.' _Brownell's Ind. Races_, p. 540; _Davis' El Gringo_, p.

412. Les Comanches 'regardent comme un deshonneur d'aller a pied.' _Soc.

Geog._, _Bulletin_, serie v., No. 96, p. 192; _Cremony's Apaches_, p.

282. The Comanches, for hardening the hoofs of horses and mules, have a custom of making a fire of the wild rosemary--artemisia--and exposing their hoofs to the vapor and smoke by leading them slowly through it.

_Parker's Notes on Tex._, p. 203.

[772] _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 18; _Humboldt_, _Essai Pol._, tom. i., p.

290; _Cordoue_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. x., p. 443; _Malte-Brun_, _Precis de la Geog._, tom. vi., p. 454; _Monta.n.u.s_, _Nieuwe Weereld_, p. 209. 'Les Teyas et Querechos ont de grands troupeaux de chiens qui portent leur bagage; ils l'attachent sur le dos de ces animaux au moyen d'une sangle et d'un pet.i.t bat. Quand la charge se derange les chiens se mettent a hurler, pour avertir leur maitre de l'arranger.' _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom.

ix., pp. 117, 125, 190. 'On the top of the bank we struck a Camanche trail, very broad, and made by the lodge poles, which they transport from place to place ... by fastening them on each side of their pack horses, leaving the long ends trailing upon the ground.' _Parker's Notes on Tex._, p. 154. 'Si carecen de cabalgaduras, cargan los muebles las mujeres igualmente que sus criaturas.' _Garcia Conde_, in _Soc. Mex.

Geog._, _Boletin_, tom. v., p. 317; _Ives' Colorado Riv._, p. 128.

[773] _Neighbors_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. ii., p. 132; _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, p. 234; _Marcy's Army Life_, pp. 29, 33, 189; _Marcy's Rept._, p. 187; _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol.

ii., pp. 38, 46; _Arricivita_, _Cronica Serafica_, pp. 473, 475; _Cordero_, in _Orozco y Berra_, _Geografia_, p. 378. When the Yampais 'wish to parley they raise a firebrand in the air as a sign of friends.h.i.+p.' _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. i., p. 218.

[774] 'These messengers (of the Mohaves) were their news-carriers and sentinels. Frequently two criers were employed (sometimes more) one from each tribe. These would have their meeting stations. At these stations these criers would meet with promptness, and by word of mouth, each would deposit his store of news with his fellow expressman, and then each would return to his own tribe with the news.' _Stratton's Capt.

Oatman Girls_, pp. 220, 283. 'El modo de da.r.s.e sus avisos para reunirse en casos de urgencia de ser perseguidos, es por medio de sus telegrafos de humos que forman en los cerros mas elevados formando hogueras de los palos mas humientos que ellos conocen muy bien.' _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, p. 281. _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 5. 'Para no detenerse en hacer los humos, llevan los mas de los hombres y mujeres, los instrumentos necessarios para sacar lumbre; prefieren la piedra, el eslabon, y la yesca; pero si no tienen estos utiles, suplen su falta con palos preparados al efecto bien secos, que frotados se inflaman.'

_Garcia Conde_, in _Soc. Mex. Geog._, _Boletin_, tom. v., p. 317.

[775] _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 217; _Sitgreaves'

Zuni Ex._, p. 18. 'Su frazada en tiempo de frio es un tizon encendido que aplicandolo a la boca del estomago caminan por los mananas, y calentando ya el sol como a las ocho tiran los tizones, que por muchos que hayan tirado por los caminos, pueden ser guias de los caminantes.'

_Sedelmair_, _Relacion_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., vol. iv., p.

851.

[776] The Comanches 'have yearly gatherings to light the sacred fires; they build numerous huts, and sit huddled about them, taking medicine for purification, and fasting for seven days. Those who can endure to keep the fast unbroken become sacred in the eyes of the others.'

_Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., p. 451. If a Yuma kills one of his own tribe he keeps 'a fast for one moon; on such occasions he eats no meat--only vegetables--drinks only water, knows no woman, and bathes frequently during the day to purify the flesh.' _Emory's Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., p. 110. 'It was their (Mojaves,) custom never to eat salted meat for the next moon after the coming of a captive among them.' _Stratton's Capt. Oatman Girls_, p. 180; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 402; _Domenech_, _Jour._, p. 13; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, pp. 125-6.

[777] 'Entre cuyas tribus hay algunas que se comen a sus enemigos.'

_Alegre_, _Hist. Comp. de Jesus_, tom. i., p. 332. 'Los chirumas, que me parecen ser los yumas, no se que coman carne humana como dijo el indio cosnina.' _Garces_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie ii., tom. i., p. 363.

'Among the spoil which we took from these Camanches, we found large portions of human flesh evidently prepared for cooking.' _Dewees'

Texas_, p. 232-3. Certain Europeans have represented the Comanches 'as a race of cannibals; but according to the Spaniards ... they are merely a cruel, dastardly race of savages.' _Pages' Travels_, vol. i., p. 107.

[778] _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., p. 451; _Berlandier y Thovel_, _Diario_, p. 253; _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 34; _Davis' El Gringo_, p. 407.

[779] _Smart_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1867, p. 418. 'Gonorrhoea and syphilis are not at all rare' among the Navajos. _Letherman_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1855, p. 290; _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 31.

[780] _Hardy's Trav._, p. 442-3. 'Los comanches la llaman Puip; y cuando uno de entre ellos esta herido, mascan la raiz (que es muy larga) y esprimen el yugo y la saliva en la llaga.' _Berlandier y Thovel_, _Diario_, p. 257; _Letherman_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1855, p. 290; _Pattie's Pers. Nar._, p. 118; _Stratton's Capt. Oatman Girls_, p. 156; _Letherman_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1855, p. 289; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 63; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, p. 142; _Id._, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, tom. i., p. 118; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 335; _Neighbors_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. ii., p. 130; _Parker's Notes on Tex._, p. 193. The Apaches: 'Cuando se enferma alguno a quien no han podido hacer efecto favorable la aplicacion de las yerbas, unico antidoto con que se curan, lo abandonan, sin mas diligencia ulterior que ponerle un monton de brasas a la cabecera y una poca de agua, sin saberse hasta hoy que significa esto o con que fin la hacen.' _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, p. 280.

[781] _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 217; _Domenech_, _Jour._, pp. 13, 139; _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, p. 42, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii.; _Henry_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol.

v., p. 212; _Parker's Notes on Tex._, p. 240-1. Among the Comanches during the steam bath, 'the shamans, or medicine-men, who profess to have the power of communicating with the unseen world, and of propitiating the malevolence of evil spirits, are performing various incantations, accompanied by music on the outside.' _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 60; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 576; _Bristol_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept. Spec. Com._, 1867, p. 358. 'De aqui ha sucedido que algunos indios naturalmente astutos, se han convertido en adivinos, que han llegado a sostener como a sus oraculos. Estos mismos adivinos hacen de medicos, que por da.r.s.e importancia a la aplicacion de ciertas yerbas, agregan porcion de ceremonias supersticiosas y ridiculas, con canticos estranos, en que hablan a sus enfermos miles de embustes y patranas.' _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, p. 280.

[782] At the Colorado river they 'burned those which dyed.' _Alarchon_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 432; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, p.

404; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 97; _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., p. 467; _Stratton's Capt. Oatman Girls_, p. 240-1. 'It is the custom of the Mojaves to burn their property when a relation dies to whose memory they wish to pay especial honor.' _Ives' Colorado Riv._, p.

69. 'Die Comanches todteten fruher das Lieblingsweib des ges...o...b..nen Hauptlings.' _Muller_, _Amerikanische Urreligionen_, p. 88. 'No Navajo will ever occupy a lodge in which a person has died. The lodge is burned.' _Backus_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 213; _Letherman_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1855, p. 289. 'When a death occurs they (Yumas) move their villages, although sometimes only a short distance, but never occupying exactly the same locality.' _Emory's Rept.

U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., p. 110.

[783] 'When a Comanche dies ... he is usually wrapped in his best blankets or robes, and interred with most of his ”jewelry,” and other articles of esteem.' _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. ii., pp. 317, 243.

'Cuando muere algun indio, ... juntando sus deudos todas las alhajas de su peculio, se las ponen y de esta manera lo envuelven en una piel de cibolo y lo llevan a enterrar.' _Alegre_, _Hist. Comp. de Jesus_, tom.

i., p. 336; _Kennedy's Texas_, vol. i., p. 347; _Wislizenus' Tour_, p.

69. The Comanches cover their tombs 'with gra.s.s and plants to keep them concealed.' _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 363; _Id._, _Jour._, p.

14. The Apaches: 'probably they bury their dead in caves; no graves are ever found that I ever heard of.' _Henry_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 212. See also _James' Exped._, vol. ii., p. 305. 'On the highest point of the hill, was a Comanche grave, marked by a pile of stones and some remnants of scanty clothing.' _Parker's Notes on Tex._, pp. 137, 151. The custom of the Mescalero Apaches 'heretofore has been to leave their dead unburied in some secluded spot.' _Curtis_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1871, p. 402; _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 50; _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, tom. ii., p. 233; _Pattie's Pers. Nar._, p.