Part 66 (1/2)

Doniphan's Ex._, p. 218; _Stratton's Capt. Oatman Girls_, p. 136; _Maillard's Hist. Tex._, p. 241.

[670] 'Their lodges are ... about four or five feet high, with a triangular opening for ingress or egress.' _Backus_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 213. The most they do is to build small huts ...

with thick poles for the arches and a small door through which a single person can hardly pa.s.s. _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, p. 266. A rancheria of the Cuabajai is described as 'formada como una grande galeria en una pieza muy larga adornada con arcos de sauz, y cubierta con esteras de tule muy delgadas y bien cocidas; tenia ventanas para la luz y desahogar el humo y dos puertas, una al Oriente y otra al Poniente, ... a los dos lados de la pieza habia varios camaras o alojamientos para dormir.' _Arricivita_, _Cronica Serafica_, pp. 474-5.

[671] 'Some live in caves in the rocks.' _Letherman_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1855, p. 289. 'They do not live in houses built of stone as has been repeatedly represented, but in caves, caverns, and fissures of the cliffs.' _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 217. 'Ils habitaient des cavernes et des lieux souterrains, ou ils deposaient leurs recoltes.' _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom.

cx.x.xi., p. 309. Most of the Navajos 'live in houses built of stone.'

_Scenes in the Rocky Mts._, p. 180; _Thummel_, _Mexiko_, p. 352; _Almanza_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., p. 825; _Torquemada_, _Monarq. Ind._, tom. i., p. 679; _Sanchez_, in _Doc. Hist.

Mex._, serie iv., tom. i., p. 93; _Gordon's Hist. and Geog. Mem._, p.

88.

[672] 'The large cottonwood posts and the substantial roof of the wide shed in front, are characteristic of the architecture of this people.'

_Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, p. 23, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii. 'They are built upon sandy soil and are thirty or forty feet square; the sides about two feet thick of wicker-work and straw ...

their favorite resort seems to be the roof, where could usually be counted from twenty to thirty persons, all apparently at home.'

_Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., p. 464.

[673] See plate in _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 48. 'The fire is made in the front of the lodge.' _Backus_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iii., p.

70.

[674] 'In every village may be seen small structures, consisting of a frame-work of slight poles, bent into a semi-spherical form and covered with buffalo hides. These are called medicine lodges and are used as vapor-baths.' _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 60. 'They make huts three feet high for bath-rooms and heat them with hot stones.' _Letherman_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1855, p. 289.

[675] _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xviii., p. 464; _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, p. 23, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii.

[676] 'Ils sont tres-laborieux; ils cultivent les melons, les haricots, et d'autres legumes; ils recoltent aussi en abondance le mas.' _Soc.

Geog._, _Bulletin_, serie v., No. 96, p. 186. 'Bohnen, Mais, Weizen, feingeriebenes Mehl, Kurbisse und Melonen.' _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, pp. 385, 396-7. 'The Yumas and other tribes on the Colorado, irrigate their lands, and raise wheat, corn, melons, &c.' _Bartlett's Pers.

Nar._, vol. ii., pp. 263, 180, 181; _Lachapelle_, _Raousset-Boulbon_, p.

81; _Arricivita_, _Cronica Serafica_, p. 419; _Alegre_, _Hist. Comp. de Jesus_, tom. i., p. 332; _Ives' Colorado River_, pp. 60, 67, 70, 73; _Emory's Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., pp. 117, 128, 129; _Stratton's Capt. Oatman Girls_, p. 123; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol.

ii., pp. 40, 65, 66; _Sitgreaves' Zuni Ex._, p. 18; _Browne's Apache Country_, pp. 51, 52, 107; _Mowry's Arizona_, p. 33; _Pattie's Pers.

Nar._, p. 91; _Mexicanische Zustande_, tom. i., p. 64; _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, tom. i., p. 111; _Champagnac_, _Voyageur_, p. 84; _Bent_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. i., p. 243; _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 217; _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, pp. 13, 120, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii.; _Thummel_, _Mexiko_, p. 349; _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom. cx.x.xi., pp. 288-9; _Prichard's Nat. Hist. Man_, vol. ii., p. 567; _Farnham's Life in Cal._; _Davis' El Gringo_, p. 411; _Clark_, in _Hist.

Mag._, vol. viii., p. 280; _Salmeron_, _Relaciones_, in _Doc. Hist.

Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., pp. 25-6.

[677] 'A small but agreeable nut called the Pinon, grows abundantly in this country; and during a period of scarcity, it sometimes const.i.tutes the sole food of the poorer cla.s.s of natives for many successive weeks.'

_Backus_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 212. 'Living upon the fruit of the mezquit and tornilla trees.' _Sitgreaves' Zuni Ex._, pp.

10, 19; _Emory's Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., p. 112.

'Tambien tienen para su sustento mescali, que es conserva de raiz de maguey.' _Salmeron_, _Relaciones_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., p. 31; _Henry_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 212; _Hardy's Trav._, pp. 338; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, pp. 147, 331, 350, 396, 397; _Cordoue_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. x., p.

446; _Castaneda_, in _Id._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 53, 54; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. i., p. 217; _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. i., p. 234.

[678] 'The quail and hare of the valley, and the deer and lizards of the plains, together furnish but a scanty supply.' _Ehrenberg_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1866, p. 110. 'They ate worms, gra.s.shoppers, and reptiles.'

_Stratton's Capt. Oatman Girls_, pp. 115-116. 'An den dunnen Gurt hatten unsere Besucher noch Ratten, grosse Eidechsen und Frosche befestigt.'

_Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, p. 383. 'Depending upon game and roots for food.' _Parker_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1870, p. 137, and 1869, p. 92.

'Mas para ellos es plato regaladisimo el de ratones del campo asados o cocidos y toda especie de insectos.' _Alegre_, _Hist. Comp. de Jesus_, tom. i., p. 332; _Hardy's Trav._, p. 430; _Arricivita_, _Cronica Serafica_, pp. 419, 473; _Figuier's Hum. Race_, p. 484; _Backus_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 212; _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 297.

[679] On the Rivers Colorado and Gila. 'Usan de hilo torcido unas redes y otras de varios palitos, que los tuercen y juntan por las puntas, en que forman a modo de un pequeno barquito para pescar del infinito pescado que hay en el rio.' _Sedelmair_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., p. 851. The Cajuenches when the produce is insufficient, live on fish. _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 10. The Navajos 'live by raising flocks and herds, instead of hunting and fis.h.i.+ng.' _Davis' El Gringo_, p. 411. The Apaches 'no comen pescado alguno, no obstante de lo que abundan sus rios.' _Cordero_, in _Orozco y Berra_, _Geografia_, p.

375. 'El Apache no come el pescado, aunque los hay abundantes en sus rios.' _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, p. 285; _Emory's Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., p. 123; _Stratton's Capt. Oatman Girls_, p. 149; _Hardy's Trav._, p. 373; _Mollhausen_, _Reisen in die Felsengeb._, tom. i., pp. 227-8.

[680] 'They do not make b.u.t.ter and cheese.... Some who own cattle make from the curd of soured milk small ma.s.ses, which some have called cheese.' _Letherman_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1855, p. 292. 'They never to my knowledge make b.u.t.ter or cheese, nor do I believe they know what such things are.' _Eaton_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 217.

The Navajoes 'make b.u.t.ter and cheese.' _Scenes in the Rocky Mts._, p.

180. Some of the 'men brought into camp a quant.i.ty of cheese.' _Ives'

Colorado River_, pp. 128, 130.