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225. 'Originaire du Nouveau-Mexique; mais ... ils descendent souvent dans les plaines de la Ba.s.se-Californie et de la Sonora.' _Soc. Geog._, _Bulletin_, serie v., No. 96, p. 192. 'Range east of the mountains of New Mexico.' _Bent_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. i., p. 244. 'In dem uncultivirten Theile des Bolson de Mapimi' (Chihuahua). _Wappaus_, _Geog. u. Stat._, p. 214; _Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom. ii., pp. 221-2.
'Entre la riviere Rouge et le Missouri, et traversent el Rio-Bravo-del-Norte.' _Dufey_, _Resume de l'Hist._, tom. i., p. 4. 'Upon the south and west side' of the Rio Brazos. _Marcy's Rept._, p. 217; _Marcy's Army Life_, pp. 43-6. 'Im Westen des Mississippi und des Arcansas ... und bis an das linke Ufer des Rio Grande.' _Ludecus_, _Reise_, p. 104. 'Range from the sources of the Brazos and Colorado, rivers of Texas, over the great Prairies, to the waters of the Arkansas and the mountains of Rio Grande.' _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, p. 51.
Concurrent statements in _Wilson's Amer. Hist._, p. 625; _Prichard's Nat. Hist. Man_, vol. ii., p. 549; _Ward's Mexico_, vol. ii., p. 557; _Moore's Texas_, p. 30; _Dewees' Texas_, p. 233; _Holley's Texas_, p.
152; _Dragoon Camp._, p. 153. 'La nacion comanche, que esta situada entre el Estado de Texas y el de Nuevo Mexico ... se compone de las siguientes tribus o pueblos, a saber: Yaparehca, Cuhtzuteca, Penande, Pacarabo, Caiguaras, Noconi o Yiuhta, Napuat o Quetahtore, Yapaine, Muvinabore. Sianabone, Caigua, Sarritehca y Quitzaene.' _Garcia Rejon_, in _Pimentel_, _Cuadro_, tom. ii., p. 347. 'Extends from the Witchita Mountains as far as New Mexico, and is divided into four bands, called respectively the Cuchanticas, the Tupes, the Yampaxicas, and the Eastern Comanches.' _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 21. See also: _Kennedy's Texas_, vol. i., p. 344, 348-9; _Foote's Texas_, vol. i., p. 298; _Frost's Ind. Wars_, p. 293.
[Sidenote: APACHE TRIBES.]
The _Apaches_ may be said to 'extend from the country of the Utahs, in lat.i.tude 38 north to about the 30th parallel.' _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. i., p. 325. 'Along both sides of the Rio Grande, from the southern limits of the Navajo country at the parallel of 34, to the extreme southern line of the Territory, and from thence over the States of Chihuahua, Sonora, and Durango, of Mexico. Their range eastward is as far as the valley of the Pecos, and they are found as far to the west as the Pimos villages on the Gila.' _Pope_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol.
ii., p. 13. Scattered 'throughout the whole of Arizona, a large part of New Mexico, and all the northern portion of Chihuahua and Sonora, and in some parts of Durango.' _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 141. Range 'over some portions of California, most of Sonora, the frontiers of Durango, and ... Chihuahua.' _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., p. 291. Apatschee, a nation 'welche um ganz Neu-Biscaya, und auch an Tarahumara granzet.'
_Steffel_, in _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, p. 302. 'Reicht das Gebiet der Apache-Indianer vom 103. bis zum 114. Grad westlicher Lange von Greenwich, und von den Grenzen des Utah-Gebietes, dem 38. Grad, bis hinunter zum 30. Grad nordlicher Breite.' _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, p.
229. Inhabit 'all the country north and south of the Gila, and both sides of the Del Norte, about the parallel of the Jornada and Dead Man's lakes.' _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 132. 'Tota haec regio, quam Novam Mexicanam vocant, ab omnibus pene lateribus ambitur ab Apachibus.' _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 316. 'Recorren las provincias del Norte de Mexico, llegando algunas veces hasta cerca de Zacatecas.' _Pimentel_, _Cuadro_, tom. ii., p. 251. 'Derramadas desde la Intendencia de San Luis Potosi hasta la extremidad setentrional del golfo de California.'
_Balbi_, in _Orozco y Berra_, _Geografia_, p. 385. 'Se extienden en el vasto es.p.a.cio ... que comprenden los grados 30 a 38 de lat.i.tud norte, y 264 a 277 de longitude de Tenerife.' _Cordero_, in _Id._, p. 369; see also _Id._, p. 40. 'From the entrance of the Rio Grande to the Gulf of California.' _Pike's Explor. Trav._, p. 337. 'The southern and south-western portions of New Mexico, and mainly the valley of the Gila.' _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 203; _Bent_, in _Id._, vol.
i., p. 243. 'Scarcely extends farther north than Albuquerque ... nor more than two hundred miles south of El Paso del Norte; east, the vicinity of the White Mountains; west, generally no further than the borders of Sonora.' _Henry_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. v., p. 207.
'Ils ont princ.i.p.alement habite le triangle forme par le Rio del Norte, le Gila et le Colorado de l'ouest.' _Turner_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1852, tom. cx.x.xv., pp. 307, 313. Concurrent authorities: _Gallatin_, in _Id._, 1851, tom. cx.x.xi., pp. 298, 301; _Malte-Brun_, _Precis de la Geog._, tom. vi., p. 453; _Ludewig's Ab. Lang._, pp. 8, 186; _Kennedy's Texas_, vol. i., p. 345; _Stanley's Portraits_, p. 57; _Pattie's Pers. Nar._, p. 297; _Prichard's Nat. Hist. Man_, vol. ii., p.
549; _Western Scenes_, p. 233; _Mill's Hist. Mex._, p. 170; _Delaporte_, _Reisen_, tom. x., p. 456; _Conder's Mex. Guat._, vol. ii., p. 74-5; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., pp. 4-6; _Graves_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 180; _Poston_, in _Id._, 1864, p. 155; _Clark_, in _Ind. Aff.
Rept. Spec. Com._, 1867, p. 336.
The Apache nation is divided into the following tribes; Chiricaguis, Coyoteros, Faraones, Gilenos, Copper Mine Apaches, Lipanes, Llaneros, Mescaleros, Mimbrenos, Natages, Pelones, Pinalenos, Tontos, Vaqueros, and Xicarillas.
The Lipanes roam through western Texas, Coahuila, and the eastern portion of Chihuahua. Their territory is bounded on the west by the 'lands of the Llaneros; on the north, the Comanche country; on the east, the province of Cohaguila; and on the south, the left bank of the Rio Grande del Norte.' _Cortez_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii., p. 119; _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, p. 8, in _Id._; _Pope_, in _Id._, vol. ii., p. 14. The Lee Panis 'rove from the Rio Grande to some distance into the province of Texas. Their former residence was on the Rio Grande, near the sea sh.o.r.e.' _Pike's Explor. Trav._, p. 363. Su 'princ.i.p.al asiento es en Coahuila, Nuevo Leon y Tamaulipas.' _Pimentel_, _Cuadro_, tom. ii., p. 251. 'Dividese en dos clases ... la primera ha estado enlazada con los mescaleros y llaneros, y ocupa los terrenos contiguos a aquellas tribus: la segunda vive generalmente en la frontera de la provincia de Tejas y orillas del mar.... Por el Poniente son sus limites los llaneros; por el Norte los comanches; por el Oriente los carancaguaces y borrados, provincia de Tejas, y por el Sur nuestra frontera (Mexico).' _Cordero_, in _Orozco y Berra_, _Geografia_, p. 382.
'From time immemorial has roved and is yet roving over the Bolson de Mapimi.' _Wislizenus' Tour_, p. 70. 'Frequented the bays of Aransas and Corpus Christi, and the country lying between them and the Rio Grande.'
_Kennedy's Texas_, vol. i., p. 349; _Foote's Texas_, p. 298. See also: _Malte-Brun_, _Precis de la Geog._, tom. vi., p. 289; _Ha.s.sel_, _Mex.
Guat._, p. 210; _Moore's Texas_, p. 31; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 6.
The Mescaleros inhabit 'the mountains on both banks of the river Pecos, as far as the mountains that form the head of the Bolson de Mapimi, and there terminate on the right bank of the Rio Grande. Its limit on the west is the tribe of the Taracones; on the north, the extensive territories of the Comanche people; on the east, the coast of the Llanero Indians; and on the south, the desert Bolson de Mapimi.'
_Cortez_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii., p. 119. 'Im Bolson de Mapimi und in den ostlichen Granzgebirgen del Chanate, del Diablo puerco und de los Pilares.' _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, tom. ii., pt. ii., p.
521. 'Occupent le Bolson de Mapimi, les montagnes de Chanate, et celles de los Organos, sur la rive gauche du Rio Grande del Norte.' _Humboldt_, _Essai Pol._, tom. i., p. 289. Live 'east of the Rio del Norte.'
_Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., p. 290; _Carleton_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1854, p. 315; _Western Scenes_, p. 233; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 6; _Kennedy's Texas_, vol. i., p. 343. 'On the east side of the Rio Grande, and on both sides of the Pecos, extending up the latter river ... to about the thirty-fourth parallel.' _Merriwether_, in _Ind.
Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 170-1. See also: _Steck_, in _Id._, 1858, pp.
195-8, 1863, p. 108; _Collins_, in _Id._, 1862, p. 240; _Cooley_, in _Id._, 1865, p. 20; _Norton_, in _Id._, 1866, p. 145.
'The Copper Mine Apaches occupy the country on both sides of the Rio Grande, and extend west to the country of the Coyoteros and Pinalinos, near the eastern San Francisco River.' _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. i., p. 323.
The Faraones, Pharaones or Taracones, 'inhabit the mountains between the river Grande del Norte and the Pecos.' _Cortez_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii., p. 119. The following concur; _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, tom.
i., p. 213, tom. ii., pt. ii., p. 521; _Villa-Senor y Sanchez_, _Theatro_, tom. ii., p. 416; _Humboldt_, _Essai Pol._, tom. i., p. 289.
The 'Xicarillas anciently inhabited the forests of that name in the far territories to the north of New Mexico, until they were driven out by the Comanches, and now live on the limits of the province, some of them having gone into the chasms (canadas) and mountains between Pecuries and Taos, which are the last towns of the province.' _Cortez_, in _Pac. R.
R. Rept._, vol. iii., p. 119. 'Inhabiting the mountains north of Taos.'
_Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., p. 285. 'Les Jicorillas, a l'extremite nord du Nouveau-Mexique.' _Turner_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1852, tom. cx.x.xv., p. 310. 'From the Rio Grande eastward beyond the Red river, between the thirty-fourth and thirty-seventh parallels.' _Merriwether_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1854, p. 170. 'In the mountains which lie between Santa Fe, Taos, and Abiquin.' _Collins_, in _Id._, 1860, pp. 159-60. 'At the Cimarron.' _Graves_, in _Id._, 1866, p.
133. 'Upon Rio Ose, west of the Rio Grande.' _Davis_, in _Id._, 1868, p.
160; _Domenech's Deserts_, vol. ii., p. 8.
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