Part 27 (2/2)

Yackamans, northern banks of the Columbia and on the Yackamans river.

_c.o.x's Adven._, vol. ii., p. 143. On the Yakima. _Hale's Ethnog._, _U.

S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 213. 'South of the Long Rapids, to the confluence of Lewis' river with the Columbia, are the Yookoomans.'

_Parker's Explor. Tour_, p. 313. Pishwanwapum (Yakima), in Yakimaw or Eyakema Valley. _Tolmie_, in _Lord's Nat._, vol. ii., pp. 244-7. Called Stobshaddat by the Sound Indians. _Id._, p. 245.

The Chimnapums are 'on the N.W. side of Col. river, both above and below the entrance of Lewis' r. and the Taptul r.' _Morse's Rept._, p. 370; _Lewis and Clarke's Map._ The 'Chunnapuns and Chanwappans are between the Cascade Range and the north branch of the Columbia.' _Nicolay's Ogn. Ter._, p. 143.

The Pisquitpahs, 'on the Musclesh.e.l.l rapids, and on the N. side of the Columbia, to the commencement of the high country; this nation winter on the waters of the Taptul and Cataract rivers.' _Morse's Rept._, p. 370.

The Sokulks dwell north of the confluence of the Snake and Columbia.

_Lewis and Clarke's Trav._, p. 351, and map; _Morse's Rept._, p. 369. At Priest Rapids. _Gibbs_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 417.

[Sidenote: THE KLIKETATS.]

The _Kliketats_ live in the mountainous country north of the Cascades, on both sides of the Cascade Range, and south of the Yakimas. Klikatats 'inhabit, properly, the valleys lying between Mounts St. Helens and Adams, but they have spread over districts belonging to other tribes, and a band of them is now located as far south as the Umpqua.' _Gibbs_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., p. 403. 'Roilroilpam is the Klikatat country, situated in the Cascade mountains north of the Columbia and west of the Yakamas.' _Gibbs_, in _Pandosy's Gram._, p. vii. 'Wander in the wooded country about Mount St. Helens.' _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S.

Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p. 213. 'In the vicinity of the mouth of the Columbia.' _Catlin's N. Am. Ind._, vol. ii., p. 113. Klikatats.

'Au-dessus du fort des Nez-Perces.' _Mofras_, _Explor._, tom. ii., p.

335. 'The Kliketat, a scion from the Sahaptans, who now dwell near Mount Rainier and have advanced towards the falls of the Columbia.' _Scouler_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 225. On _Lewis and Clarke's Map_ the Kliketat territory is occupied by the Chanwappan, Shallatos, Squamaros, Skaddals, Shahalas. Also in _Morse's Rept._, p. 372.

Whulwhypum, or Kliketat, 'in the wooded and prairie country between Vancouver and the Dalles.' _Tolmie_, in _Lord's Nat._, vol. ii., p. 245.

The Weyehhoo live on the north side of the Columbia, near Chusattes River. (Kliketat.) _Ga.s.s' Jour._, p. 288.

FOOTNOTES:

[228] The _Nootka-Columbians_ comprehend 'the tribes inhabiting Quadra and Vancouver's Island, and the adjacent inlets of the mainland, down to the Columbia River, and perhaps as far S. as Umpqua River and the northern part of New California.' _Scouler_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 221.

[229] Gilbert Malcolm Sproat, a close observer and clear writer, thinks 'this word Nootkah--no word at all--together with an imaginary word, Columbian, denoting a supposed original North American race--is absurdly used to denote all the tribes which inhabit the Rocky Mountains and the western coast of North America, from California inclusively to the regions inhabited by the Esquimaux. In this great tract there are more tribes, differing totally in language and customs, than in any other portion of the American continent; and surely a better general name for them could be found than this meaningless and misapplied term _Nootkah Columbian_.' _Sproat's Scenes_, p. 315. Yet Mr Sproat suggests no other name. It is quite possible that Cook, _Voy. to the Pacific_, vol. ii., p. 288, misunderstood the native name of Nootka Sound. It is easy to criticise any name which might be adopted, and even if it were practicable or desirable to change all meaningless and misapplied geographical names, the same or greater objections might be raised against others, which necessity would require a writer to invent.

[230] _Kane's Wand._, p. 173; _Macfie's Vanc. Isl._, p. 441; _Catlin's N. Am. Ind._, vol. ii., p. 108; the name being given to the people between the region of the Columbia and 53 30'.

[231] The name _Nez Perces_, 'pierced noses,' is usually p.r.o.nounced as if English, _Nez Per-ces_.

[232] For particulars and authorities see TRIBAL BOUNDARIES at end of this chapter.

[233] 'The Indian tribes of the North-western Coast may be divided into two groups, the Insular and the Inland, or those who inhabit the islands and adjacent sh.o.r.es of the mainland, and subsist almost entirely by fis.h.i.+ng; and those who live in the interior and are partly hunters. This division is perhaps arbitrary, or at least imperfect, as there are several tribes whose affinities with either group are obscure.'

_Scouler_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 217. See _Stevens_, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. i., pp. 147-8, and _Mayne's B. C._, p. 242.

'The best division is into coast and inland tribes.' _Lord's Nat._, vol.

ii., p. 226.

[234] 'By far the best looking, most intelligent and energetic people on the N. W. Coast.' _Scouler_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p.

218. Also ranked by Prichard as the finest specimens physically on the coast. _Researches_, vol. v., p. 433. The Na.s.s people 'were peculiarly comely, strong, and well grown.' _Simpson's Overland Journ._, vol. i., p. 207. 'Would be handsome, or at least comely,' were it not for the paint. 'Some of the women have exceedingly handsome faces, and very symmetrical figures.' 'Impressed by the manly beauty and bodily proportions of my islanders.' _Poole's Queen Charlotte Isl._, pp. 310, 314. Mackenzie found the coast people 'more corpulent and of better appearance than the inhabitants of the interior.' _Voy._, pp. 322-3; see pp. 370-1. 'The stature (at Burke's Ca.n.a.l) ... was much more stout and robust than that of the Indians further south. The prominence of their countenances and the regularity of their features, resembled the northern Europeans.' _Vancouver's Voy._ vol. ii., p. 262. A chief of 'gigantic person, a stately air, a n.o.ble mien, a manly port, and all the characteristics of external dignity, with a symmetrical figure, and a perfect order of European contour.' _Dunn's Oregon_, pp. 279, 251, 283, 285. Mayne says, 'their countenances are decidedly plainer' than the southern Indians. _B. C._, p. 250. 'A tall, well-formed people.'

_Bendel's Alex. Arch._, p. 29. 'No finer men ... can be found on the American Continent.' _Sproat's Scenes_, p. 23. In 55, 'Son bien corpulentos.' _Crespi_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, s. iv., vol. vi., p. 646.

'The best looking Indians we had ever met.' 'Much taller, and in every way superior to the Puget Sound tribes. The women are stouter than the men, but not so good-looking.' _Reed's Nar._

[235] The Seba.s.sas are 'more active and enterprising than the Millbank tribes.' _Dunn's Oregon_, p. 273. The Haeeltzuk are 'comparatively effeminate in their appearance.' _Scouler_, in _Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour._, vol. xi., p. 223. The Kyganies 'consider themselves more civilised than the other tribes, whom they regard with feelings of contempt.' _Id._, p.

219. The Chimsyans 'are much more active and cleanly than the tribes to the south.' _Id._, p. 220. 'I have, as a rule, remarked that the physical attributes of those tribes coming from the north, are superior to those of the dwellers in the south.' _Barrett-Lennard's Trav._, p.

40.

[236] _Mackenzie's Voy._, pp. 370-1, 322-3; _Vancouver's Voy._, vol.

ii., pp. 262, 320; _Hale's Ethnog._, in _U. S. Ex. Ex._, vol. vi., p.

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