Part 12 (2/2)

[81] 'They bore their under lip, where they hang fine bones of beasts and birds.' _Staehlin's North. Arch._, p. 33. 'Setzen sich auch--Zahne von Vogeln oder Thierknochen in kunstliche Oeffnungen der Unterlippe und unter der Nase ein.' _Neue Nachr._, p. 113.

[82] The people of Kadiak, according to Langsdorff, are similar to those of Unalaska, the men being a little taller. They differ from the Fox Islanders. _Voy._, pt. ii., p. 62. 'Die Insulaner waren hier von den Einwohnern, der vorhin entdeckten ubrigen Fuchsinsuln, in Kleidung und Sprache ziemlich verschieden.' _Neue Nachr._, p. 113. 'Ils ressemblent beaucoup aux indigenes des iles Curiles, dependantes du j.a.pon.'

_Laplace_, _Circ.u.mnav._, vol. vi., p. 45.

[83] 'They wore strings of beads suspended from apertures in the lower lip.' _Lisiansky's Voy._, p. 195. 'Their ears are full of holes, from which hang pendants of bone or sh.e.l.l.' _Meares' Voy._, p. x.x.xii. 'Elles portent des perles ordinairement en verre bleu, suspendues au-dessous du nez a un fil pa.s.se dans la cloison nasale.' _D'Orbigny_, _Voy._, p. 573.

'Upon the whole, I have nowhere seen savages who take more pains than these people do to ornament, or rather to disfigure their persons.' At Prince William Sound they are so fond of ornament 'that they stick any thing in their perforated lip; one man appearing with two of our iron nails projecting from it like p.r.o.ngs; and another endeavouring to put a large bra.s.s b.u.t.ton into it.' _Cook's Third Voy._, vol. ii., p. 370. They slit the under lip, and have ornaments of gla.s.s beads and muscle-sh.e.l.ls in nostrils and ears; tattoo chin and neck. _Langsdorff's Voy._, vol.

ii., p. 63. 'Die Frauen machen Einschnitte in die Lippen. Der Nasenknorpel ist ebenfalls durchstochen.' _Baer_, _Stat. u. Ethn._, p.

135.

[84] The Kadiaks dress like the Aleuts, but their princ.i.p.al garment they call _Konagen_; _Langsdorff's Voy._, pt. ii., p. 63. Like the Unalaskas, the neck being more exposed, fewer ornamentations. _Sauer_, _Billings'

Voy._, p. 177. 'Consists wholly of the skins of animals and birds.'

_Portlock's Voy._, p. 249. A coat peculiar to Norton Sound appeared 'to be made of reeds sewed very closely together.' _Dixon's Voy._, p. 191.

'Nahen ihre _Parken_ (Winter-Kleider) aus Vogelhauten und ihre _Kamleien_ (Sommer-Kleider) aus den Gedarmen von Wallfischen und Robben.' _Baer_, _Stat. u. Ethn._, p. 117. At Norton Sound 'princ.i.p.ally of deer-skins.' _Cook's Third Voy._, vol. ii., p. 484. 'Ihre Kleider sind aus schwarzen und andern Fuchsbalgen, Biber, Vogelhauten, auch jungen Rennthier and Jewraschkenfellen, alles mit Sehnen genaht.' _Neue Nachr._, p. 113. 'The dress of both s.e.xes consists of parkas and camleykas, both of which nearly resemble in form a carter's frock.'

_Lisiansky's Voy._, p. 194.

[85] 'Una tunica entera de pieles que les abriga bastantemente.' _Bodega y Quadra_, _Nav._, MS. p. 66. 'By the use of such a girdle, it should seem that they sometimes go naked.' _Cook's Third Voy._, vol. ii., p.

437.

[86] 'Plastered over with mud, which gives it an appearance not very unlike a dung hill.' _Lisiansky's Voy._, p. 214. Sea-dog skin closes the opening. _Langsdorff's Voy._, pt. ii., p. 62. The Kuskoquims have 'huttes qu'ils appellent barabores pour l'ete.' _D'Orbigny_, _Voy._, p.

574. 'Mit Erde und Gras bedeckt, so da.s.s man mit Recht die Wohnungen der Konjagen Erdhutten nennen kann.' _Holmberg_, _Ethn. Skiz._, p. 97. 'A door fronting the east.' _Sauer_, _Billings' Voy._, p. 175. At Norton Sound 'they consist simply of a sloping roof, without any side-walls.'

_Cook's Third Voy._, vol. ii., p. 484. Build temporary huts of sticks and bark. _Portlock's Voy._, p. 253.

[87] 'In dem Kas.h.i.+m versammelt sich die mannliche Bevolkerung des ganzen Dorfes zur Berathschlagung uber wichtige Angelegenheiten, uber Krieg und Frieden, etc.' _Baer_, _Stat. u. Ethn._, p. 129.

[88] 'Le poisson est la princ.i.p.ale nourriture.' _D'Orbigny_, _Voy._, p.

574. 'Berries mixed with rancid whale oil.' 'The fat of the whale is the prime delicacy.' _Lisiansky's Voy._, pp. 178, 195. 'Meistentheils nahren sie sich mit rohen und trocknen Fischen, die sie theils in der See mit knochernen Angelhaken, theils in den Bachen mit Sacknetzen, die sie aus Sehnen flechten, einfangen.' _Neue Nachr._, p. 114. They generally eat their food raw, but sometimes they boil it in water heated with hot stones. _Meares' Voy._, p. x.x.xv. The method of catching wild geese, is to chase and knock them down immediately after they have shed their large wing-feathers; at which time they are not able to fly. _Portlock's Voy._, p. 265.

[89] 'Ich hatte auf der Insel Afognak Gelegenheit dem Zerschneiden eines Wallfisches zuzusehen und versichere, da.s.s nach Verlauf von kaum 2 Stunden nur die blanken Knochen auf dem Ufer lagen.' _Holmberg_, _Ethn.

Skiz._, p. 91.

[90] The Kadiaks 'pa.s.s their time in hunting, festivals, and abstinence.

The first takes place in the summer; the second begins in the month of December, and continues as long as any provisions remain; and then follows the period of famine, which lasts till the re-appearance of fish in the rivers. During the period last mentioned, many have nothing but sh.e.l.l-fish to subsist on, and some die for want.' _Lisiansky's Voy._, pp. 209, 210.

[91] 'Wild animals which they hunt, and especially wild sheep, the flesh of which is excellent.' _Lisiansky's Voy._, p. 188. They eat the larger sort of fern-root baked, and a substance which seemed the inner bark of the pine. _Cook's Third Voy._, vol. ii., p. 374. 'Die Eingebornen essen diese Wurzeln (Lagat) roh und gekocht; aus der Wurzel, nachdem sie in Mehl verwandelt ist, backt man, mit einer geringen Beimischung von Weizenmehl, sussliche, dunne Kuchen.' _Sagoskin_, _Tagebuch_, in _Denkschr. d. russ. Geog. Gesell._, p. 343.

[92] 'Ihre holzernen Schilde nennen sie Kujaki.' _Neue Nachr._, p. 114.

[93] 'Selecting the roots of such plants as grow alone, these roots are dried and pounded, or grated.' _Sauer_, _Billings' Ex._, p. 178.

[94] 'Die Pfeilspitzen sind aus Eisen oder Kupfer, ersteres erhalten sie von den Kenayern, letzteres von den Tutnen.' _Baer_, _Stat. u. Ethn._, p. 118. 'De pedernal en forma de arpon, cortado con tanta delicadeza como pudiera hacerlo el mas habil lapidario.' _Bodega y Quadra_, _Nav._, MS. p. 66.

[95] At Prince William Sound Cook found the canoes not of wood, as at Nootka. At Bristol Bay they were of skin, but broader. _Third Voy._, vol. ii., pp. 371, 437. 'Die kadjakschen Baidarken unterscheiden sich in der Form ein wenig von denen der andern Bewohner der amerikanischen Kuste, von denen der Aleuten aber namentlich darin, da.s.s sie kurzer und breiter sind.' _Holmberg_, _Ethn. Skiz._, p. 99. At Prince William Sound, 'formada la canoa en esqueleto la forran por fuera con pieles de animales.' _Bodega y Quadra_, _Nav._, MS. p. 65. 'Qu'on se figure une nacelle de quatre metres de long et de soixante centimetres de large tout au plus.' _Laplace_, _Circ.u.mnav._, vol. vi., p. 48. 'These canoes were covered with skins, the same as we had seen last season in Cook's River. _Dixon's Voy._, p. 147. 'Safer at sea in bad weather than European boats.' _Lisiansky's Voy._, p. 211.

[96] Their whale-sinew thread was as fine as silk. _Lisiansky's Voy._, p. 207.

[97] The only tool seen was a stone adze. _Cook's Third Voy._, vol. ii., p. 373.

[98] 'Their sewing, plaiting of sinews, and small work on their little bags may be put in compet.i.tion with the most delicate manufactures found in any part of the known world.' _Cook's Third Voy._, vol. ii., pp. 373, 374. 'If we may judge by these figures, the inhabitants of Cadiack must have lost much of their skill in carving, their old productions of this kind being greatly superior.' _Lisiansky_, p. 178. The Ingalik's household furniture is made 'von gebogenem Holz sehr zierlich gearbeitet und mittelst Erdfarben roth, grun und blau angestrichen. Zum Kochen der Speisen bedienen sie sich irdener, ausgebrannter Geschirre.' _Baer_, _Stat. u. Ethn._, p. 121.

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