Part 17 (1/2)
A college which calls for special e in Shropshi+re, which was founded in 1410 by theof Sir Fulk Penbridge[660] The complete foundation consisted of a warden, four secular priests as chaplains, two clerks, and an almshouse for thirteen persons[661] We are fortunate in possessing the ”Statuta et Ordinationes pro Gubernatione ejusdees commonly conceived it their duty to provide for education The clause runs, ”Statuimus etiam et ordinamus, quod unus e capellanis praedictis, vel alius clericus dicti collegii, si capellanus in hac parte habere non poterit in lectura, cantu, et grammatica competenter instructus, qui pro dispositione custodis, et sanioris partis dicti collegii, clericos et alios ii, et ultra eosdem pauperes juvenes ejusdeenter instruere”[663]
It is iiate foundation provided for education even in such a se of Stoke-next-Clare was founded by Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March There had existed here previously an alien priory, which was afterwards converted into a college of secular priests The Earl of March augmented its revenues, so as to provide for a dean, six prebendaries, eight vicars, four clerks, six choristers, officers and servants[664] Frooverne,[665] we learn that a schoole reading, plain song, and descant[666]
”A noble college”[667] was founded at Fotheringhay in 1412 by Edward, Duke of York The college consisted of a ht clerks, and thirteen choristers The statutes of the college were largely based on those of Winchester and New College, and provided for the appointra to the choristers[668]
Henry Chicheley, Archbishop of Canterbury, founded a college at Higha Henry V, for a master, six secular chaplains, four clerks, and six choristers; of these, ”unus eorunderammaticam, et alius capellanus sive clericus de eisdem capellanis sive clericis ad cantunetur”[669] The act of Chicheley in ral part of the foundation marks an advance on Wykeham, who made them stipendiary officers only[670]
An institution, which was of the nature of a hospital rather than a college, was founded in 1432, at Ewelme, by the Earl of Suffolk It consisted of an almshouse for two chaplains and thirteen poor rammar school was attached The school statutes provide that the schoolmaster was to be ”a well disposed raently to teche and inforramer, provyded that all the chylder of our chapelle, of the tenauntes of our lordshyp of Ewel to the said Almesse Howse, now present and at alle tymes to com, frely be taithout exaccion of any scole-hir”[672]
In 1432, John Kempe, at that time Archbishop of York and afterwards Cardinal, obtained a licence fro divine service and for the education of the youth in the parish of Wye[673] The college was to consist of ”a maister and six priests, two clerks and two queristers and over that atakyng of he”[674]
At Tattershall, in Lincolnshi+re, a college was founded and endowed by Sir Ralph Cromwell, in 1439 It consisted of a warden, six priests, six clerks, six choristers, and an almshouse for thirteen poor persons The existence at this college of a rammar and of a master of the choristers can be traced[675]
We now pass to consider the two chief colleges which were founded prior to the Act of 1547 which brought about their dissolution--Acaster College and Rotherhainal docue do not appear to be extant No reference to the college is made in the _Monasticon_ A private Act of Parlia a dispute relating to a question of enclosure, which had arisen, recites that the college was founded[676] by Stillington, Bishop of Bath and Wells, and that this foundation included ”three dyvers Maisters and Informatours in the faculteies underwritten; that is to witt; oon of they, and the third to teche to Write, and all suche thing as belonged to Scrivener Craft, to all maner of persons of whatsoever cuntre they be within the Realond
openly, and freely without exaction of s of any of their suche Scholars and Disciples”[677]
The chantry certificate relating to this college stated that:--
”There ys a provost and three fellows being all preistes whereof one dothe kepe a free scole of gra to the foundacion”[678]
Full infore at Rotherham, by Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York, under licence of Jan 22nd, 1483[679]
In the college statutes[680] the founder stated that he would have grown up ”unlearned, unlettered, and rude,” if by chance a ”vir in grahbourhood and thusso, to learn the elerammar In order, therefore, to provide for the youth of the future, he had established a college to consist of a provost, three fellows, and six scholar-choristers
The provost was to exercise a general supervision over the establishuide the studies of the fellows and all others ished to avail themselves of his services, and to preach in the diocese of York, especially in specified churches[681]
The first felloas to give instruction in grammar under the direction and supervision of the provost The second felloas to teach the art of music[682] ”especially in plain and broken chant, in all thecoland and especially from the diocese of York[683] The third felloas to be learned in the art of writing and in the keeping of accounts
Archbishop Rotherham states that he founded this third fellowshi+p because he desired to assist those who did not wish to attain to the ”high dignity” of the priesthood, to fit themselves ”for the mechanical arts and other worldly concerns”[684] All these fellows of the college were diligently to teach ”without exaction of ned for the purpose in the college”[685]
Before proceeding to consider the data we have collected in this chapter, we may refer briefly to the educational provision made in connection with hospitals In addition to the educational aspect of the charitable foundation at Ewelme, to which we have already referred,[686] we note that in 1231 a Jewish synagogue existed in the parish of St Bennet Fink This was given to the brethren of St Anthony of Vienne in France by Henry III
A hospital consisting of a master, two priests, a schoolmaster, twelve poor brethren, and various officers was established by them[687] A further development occurred in 1441 when John Carpenter, who held the position of master of St Anthony's Hospital at that time, obtained fro the hospital for the rarammar school in the precinct of the hospital or soratis all boys and others whatsoever wishi+ng to learn and become scholars”[688] The school, thus founded, ress and for about 200 years was the chief school in London
We may also mention the foundation of Heytesbury Hospital in Wiltshi+re
Licence was granted[689] in 1472 to Lady Hungerford to found an almshouse to consist of a overnment of the institution show that the rammar, that the chancellor of Salisbury was to present ”an able keeper and a sufficient teacher of grammar at every avoidance,” and that it was the duty of the master ”to teach and inform all such children and all other persons that shall come to the place which is ordained and deputed to teach theinning of learning until such season as they learn sufficientof grammar; no school hire take of no person or take (except from) such as their friends ive freely”[690]
Our treatment of the problem hich we are concerned in this thesis, has differed in this chapter froether a iate churches in education The evidence is not exhaustive We can readily adduce evidence of the education provided by the collegiate churches at Ledbury, at Llangadock, at Brecon, at St David's, at Crediton, and probably further research would enable additional exaeneral principles arise as a result of a consideration of these examples?
(1) The Church considered it one of her primary works of charity to provide for education The charitable aspect becomes particularly evident e consider the association of almshouses and schools as at Eton, Ewelh, as we have tried to show in preceding chapters, the rise of a social consciousness had led various coanisations to realise that they had a duty to discharge in the provision of educational facilities, yet the fact that other authorities were stirring themselves in the matter did not involve that the Church was to be apathetic On the contrary, the examples we have adduced indicate considerable activity
(2) Each of the collegiate churches was norarded as a centre of educational work This fact seeenerally known that it is rarely expressed in the licences authorising the foundation It is only so_ the existence of the statutes or the return to the chantry coes definitely to be known Since the educational aspect of the work of these colleges was not a matter of enactment[691] it must have been due to tradition This tradition must date back to the earliest days of the establisho back to the time of the introduction of Christianity to this country In fact, a definite connection between collegiate churches and education can be traced back to the days of St Augustine of Hippo[692]