Part 22 (1/2)

”I have no doubt of its correctness, for such is frequently the case in cities like these, where the woman is the six-loom weaver, and by her deftness is the better wage-earner.

”Very truly yours, ”Arthur G. Staples, ”Managing Ed. 'Lewiston Journal.'”

Though success was not complete, the letter of the managing editor of the ”Lewiston Journal” is a corroboration of the substance of the pa.s.sage quoted.--THE TRANSLATOR.

[127] ”Die gewerbliche Thatigkeit der Frauen.”

[128] Statistisches Jahrbuch fur das Konigreich Sachsen auf das Jahr, 1894.

[129] Factory Inspector A. Redgrave delivered in the end of December, 1871 an address in Bradford, in the course of which he said: ”I have been struck for some time past by the altered appearance of the wool factories. Formerly they were filled with women and children, now machinery seems to be doing all the work. On Inquiry a manufacturer gave me the following information; 'Under the old system I employed 63 persons; after the introduction of improved machinery I reduced my hands to 33, and, later, in consequence of new and extensive alterations, I was able to reduce them from 33 to 13.' Thus, within a few years, a reduction of labor, amounting to almost 80 per cent. took place, with an output at least as large as before.” Many interesting items of information on this subject are found in Marx's ”Capital.”

[130] ”Original Property,” chap. 20.

[131] ”Bau und Leben des sozialen Korpers,” Tubingen, 1878.

[132] ”Husband and Wife,” Dr. Havelock Ellis.

[133] Possibly the opposite is the case. We repeat what we explained above more extensively, that it is a widely diffused fact that women and girls nourish themselves worse and are worse nourished than men and boys. There was a time when the fas.h.i.+on prevailed for woman to eat as little as possible; she was to have as ”etherial” an appearance as possible; the conception of beauty in our upper cla.s.s, even to-day, is to the effect that it is ”vulgar” if a young girl or young woman have a blooming complexion, red cheeks and a vigorous frame. It is also known, that with numberless women, under otherwise equal social conditions with men, the food is greatly inferior. Out of ignorance and acquired prejudices, women expect incredible things of themselves, and the men encourage them therein. Such neglect and maltreatment of physical nutrition must have the very worst consequences, if carried on through many generations by the very s.e.x that, by reason of the heavy monthly losses of blood and of the expenditure of energies, required by pregnancy, child-birth and nursing, has its physique heavily taxed.

[134] ”Men of genius are, as a rule, of inferior size and ma.s.sive brain.

These are also the leading features of the child, and the general facial expression as well as the temperament of such men recall the child.”--Dr. Havelock Ellis, ”Husband and Wife.”

[135] The corporal weights are taken from Taupinard's ”Anthropologie.”

[136] If, with the authority quoted by Delaunay, we a.s.sume 11 kilograms as the difference in weight between men and women, we would have found 35 to 70 grams.

[137] L. Manouvrier, ”Revue Scientifique,” No. 23, June 3, 1882.

[138] Quatref.a.ges found the proportion to be slightly larger with woman than with men. Thurman found the reverse, just as L. Manouvrier.

[139] ”Die neuere Schopfungsgeschichte.”

[140] Dr. Havelock Ellis furnishes a number of proofs of this fact in his frequently quoted book. According thereto, woman, among wild and half-wild people, is not only equal to man in physical strength and size of body, but she is partly superior. On the other side, Ellis agrees with others that, in consequence of our progress in civilization, the difference in the capacity of the skull of the two s.e.xes has steadily become more marked.

[141] This is a discovery, first made by Karl Marx, and cla.s.sically demonstrated by him in his works, especially in ”Capital.” The Communistic Manifesto, that appeared in 1848, and was composed by K.

Marx and Frederick Engels, is grounded upon this fundamental principle, and must be considered, to this day, as the norm for all agitational work, and the most excellent of all.

[142] ”The Hall of science is the Temple of democracy,” Buckle, ”History of Civilization in England.”

[143] Ziegler, quoted above, denies that such is the meaning of Virchow's argument. His own quotation of Virchow's argument, however, confirms the interpretation. Virchow said: ”Now, only picture to yourselves _how the theory of the descent of man presents itself in the head of a Socialist_! (Laughter.) Yes, gentlemen, that may seem funny to some; it is, however, a serious matter, and I hope that the theory of the descent of man _may not bring upon us all the horrors that similar theories have actually brought upon our neighboring country. At any rate, this theory, if consistently carried out, has a side of extraordinary gravity; and that Socialism has shown its sympathy therewith, will, it is to be hoped, not have escaped you. We must be perfectly clear upon that._” Now, then, we have simply done what Virchow feared: we have drawn the conclusions from the Darwinian theories, conclusions that Darwin himself and a large portion of his followers either did not draw at all, or drew falsely. And Virchow warned against the gravity of these theories, just because he foresaw that Socialism would _and was bound to draw the conclusions that are involved in them_.

[144] Dubois-Reymond repeated this sentence in February, 1883, to the attacks directed upon him, on the occasion of the anniversary celebration of Frederick the Great.

[145] ”Socialism and Modern Science (Darwin-Spencer-Marx).”

[146] According to the census of 1900, the figures for these respective occupations were: 7,387 female physicians and surgeons, 1,041 female architects, designers and draftsmen, 2,193 female journalists, 5,984 female literary and scientific persons, 3,373 female ministers, 2,193 female lawyers.--THE TRANSLATOR.

[147] ”Aerztinnen fur Frauenkrankheiten, eine ethische und sanitare Nothwendigkeit,” Berlin, 1893.

[148] ”An Address upon the Co-education of the s.e.xes.”