Part 30 (1/2)

+Adverbs of Manner are those that generally answer the question+, In what way?_

SENTENCE-BUILDING.

Place the following adverbs in the four cla.s.ses we have made--if the cla.s.sification be perfect, there will be five words in each column--then build each adverb into a simple sentence.

Partly, only, too, wisely, now, here, when, very, well, where, n.o.bly, already, seldom, more, ably, away, always, not, there, out.

Some adverbs, as you have already learned, modify two verbs, and thus connect the two clauses in which these verbs occur. Such adverbs are called _+Conjunctive Adverbs+_.

The following _dependent_ clauses are introduced by _conjunctive adverbs_.

Build them into complex sentences by supplying _independent clauses_.

------ _when_ the ice is smooth; ------ _while_ we sleep; ------ _before_ winter comes; ------ _where_ the reindeer lives; ------ _wherever_ you go.

LESSON 76.

CLa.s.sES OF CONJUNCTIONS. [Footnote: For cla.s.sified lists, see pp. 190,191.]

+Hints for Oral Instruction+.--_Frogs, antelopes, and kangaroos can jump_.

Here the three nouns are of the same rank in the sentence. All are subjects of _can jump. War has ceased, and peace has come_. In this compound sentence, there are two clauses of the same rank. The word _and_ connects the subjects of _can jump_, in the first sentence: and the two clauses, in the second. All words that connect words, phrases, or clauses of the _same rank_ are called +Co-ordinate Conjunctions+.

_If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. I will go, because you need me_. Here _if_ joins the clause, _you have tears_, as a modifier, expressing condition, to the independent clause, _prepare to shed them now;_ and _because_ connects _you need me_, as a modifier, expressing reason or cause, to the independent clause, _I will go_. These and all such conjunctions as connect dependent clauses to clauses of a _higher rank_ are called +Subordinate Conjunctions+.

Let the teacher ill.u.s.trate the meaning and use of the words _subordinate_ and _co-ordinate_.

DEFINITIONS.

+_Co-ordinate Conjunctions_ are such as connect words, phrases, or clauses of the same rank+.

+_Subordinate Conjunctions_ are such as connect clauses of different rank+.

SENTENCE-BUILDING.

Build four short sentences for each of the three _co-ordinate conjunctions_ that follow. In the first, let the conjunction be used to connect princ.i.p.al parts of a sentence; in the second, to connect word modifiers; in the third, to connect phrase modifiers; and in the fourth, to connect independent clauses.

And, or, but.

Write four short complex sentences containing the four _subordinate conjunctions_ that follow. Let the first be used to introduce a noun clause, and the other three to connect adverb clauses to independent clauses.

That, for, if, because.

LESSON 77.