Part 16 (1/2)

Live, feel, and grow; judges and rewards; owes and pays; inhale and exhale; expand and contract; flutters and alights; fly, buzz, and sting; restrain or punish.

Write _compound subjects_ before the following _predicates_.

May be seen; roar; will be appointed; have flown; has been recommended.

_Write compound predicates_ after the following _compound subjects_.

Boys, frogs, and horses; wood, coal, and peat; Maine and New Hamps.h.i.+re; Concord, Lexington, and Bunker Hill; pins, tacks, and needles.

Write _compound subjects_ before the following _compound predicates_.

Throb and ache; were tried, condemned, and hanged; eat, sleep, and dress.

Choose your own material and write five sentences, each having a _compound subject_ and a _compound predicate_.

LESSON 39.

COMPLEMENTS.

+Hints for Oral Instruction+.--When we say, _The sun gives_, we express no complete thought. The subject _sun_ is complete, but the predicate _gives_ does not make a complete a.s.sertion. When we say, _The sun gives light_, we do utter a complete thought. The predicate _gives_ is completed by the word _light_. Whatever fills out, or _completes_, we call a +Complement+. We will therefore call _light_ the complement of the predicate. As _light_ completes the predicate by naming the thing acted upon, we call it the +Object Complement+.

Expressions like the following may be written on the board, and by a series of questions the pupils may be made to dwell upon these facts till they are thoroughly understood.

The officer arrested -----; the boy found -----; Charles saw -----; coopers make -----.

Besides these verbs requiring object complements, there are others that do not make complete sense without the aid of a complement of _another_ kind.

A complete predicate does the a.s.serting and expresses what is a.s.serted. In the sentence, _Armies march_, _march_ is a complete predicate, for it does the a.s.serting and expresses what is a.s.serted; viz., _marching_. In the phrase, _armies marching_, _marching_ expresses the same act as that denoted by _march_, but it _a.s.serts_ nothing. In the sentence, _Chalk is white_, _is_ does the a.s.serting, but it does not express what is a.s.serted.

We do not wish to a.s.sert merely that chalk _is_ or _exists_. What we wish to a.s.sert of chalk, is the quality expressed by the adjective _white_. As _white_ expresses a quality or attribute, we may call it an +Attribute Complement+.

Using expressions like the following, let the facts given above be drawn from the cla.s.s by means of questions.

Gra.s.s growing; gra.s.s grows; green gra.s.s; gra.s.s is green.

+DEFINITION.--The _Object Complement of a sentence_ completes the predicate, and names that which receives the act+.

+DEFINITION.--The _Attribute Complement_ of a sentence completes the predicate and belongs to the subject+.

The complement with all its modifiers is called the +_Modified Complement_+.

a.n.a.lysis and Parsing.

+Model+.--_Fulton invented the first steamboat_.

Fulton | invented | steamboat ========|====================== | the first

+Explanation of the Diagram+.--You will see that the line standing for the _object complement_ is a continuation of the predicate line, and that the little vertical line only touches this without cutting it.

+Oral a.n.a.lysis.--+_Fulton_ and _invented_, as before. _Steamboat_ is the _object complement_, because it completes the predicate, and names that which receives the act. _The_ and _first_, as before. _The first steamboat_ is the _modified complement_.

1. Caesar crossed the Rubicon.