Volume II Part 13 (2/2)

[Illustration: FIG 149--Gateway in the inclosing wall of a Temple

Restored by Ch Chipiez]

In the Temple of Khons the jambs of the door are one, architecturally, with the wall The courses are continuous The lintel alone, being150) In the Temple of Gournah, on the other hand, the doorway forms a separate and self-contained composition The jambs are monoliths as well as the lintel, and the latter, notwithstanding the great additional weight which it has to carry, does not exceed the former in section At Abydos, on the other hand, the capital part which this stone has to play is indicated by the great size of the sandstone block of which it is co 154)

[Illustration: FIG 150--Doorway of the Temple of Khons

_Description_, iii 54]

[Illustration: FIG 151--Doorway of the Temple of Gournah

_Description_, ii 42]

One of the doore have represented, that in Fig 146, requires to be here ain for a moment Its lintel is discontinuous The doorway in question dates from the Ptolemaic period, but there is undoubted evidence that the same fors in inclosing walls There is a representation of such a door in a bas-relief at Karnak, where it is shown in front of a pylon and for in a boundary wall[141] It was this representation that decided us to give a broken lintel to the doorway opposite to the centre of the royal pavilion at Medinet-Abou (Plate VIII) This forive plenty of head-roon was carried, as well as for the banners and various standards which we see figured in the triu 172, Vol I)

[141] PRISSE, _Histoire de l'Art egyptien_

[Illustration: FIG 152--Doorway of the Temple of Seti, at Abydos]

WINDOWS

[Illustration: FIGS 153, 154--Windows in the Royal Pavilion at Medinet-Abou]

The royal pavilion at Medinet-Abou is the only building in Egypt which has preserved for us those architectural features which we call s They differ one fro, as153) is enframed like the doorway at Gournah; but the jambs are merely the ends of the courses which ht On the other hand afra 154) is to be found in the sa Thisis a little work of art in itself It is surain appear various eraceful coyptian architecture

-- 9 _The Illumination of the Teyptian architects treated doors and s from an artistic point of viee have yet to show the ht to penetrate into their te closely shut against the laity, could not be illuminated from s in their side walls Palaces and private houses could have their s as large and as nuhted frouous to the roof

[Illustration: FIG 155--Attic of the Great Hall at Karnak Restored by Ch Chipiez]

[Illustration: FIG 156--_Claustra_ of the Hypostyle Hall, Karnak

_Description_, iii 23]

The hypostyle hall at Karnak, with its lofty walls and close ranges of columns, would have been in alht upon its doors alone But the difference of height between the central aisle and those to the right and left of it, was taken advantage of to introduce the light required for the proper display of its nificent decorations The hich filled up the space between the lower and upper sections of roof, for almost identical with the clerestory of a Gothic cathedral, was constructed of upright sandstone slabs, about sixteen feet high, which were pierced with nus, or _claustra_ as the Roh which the sunlight could stream into the interior The slits were about ten inches wide and six feet high The illustration on page 163 sho the slabs were arranged and explains, ives the _claustra_ in detail, in elevation, in plan, and in perspective

The hypostyle halls are nearly always lighted upon the same principle

The chief differences are found in the sizes of the openings At the Tehted was not nearly so large, the slabs of the _claustra_ were157) In one of the inner halls at Karnak a different systeh horizontal openings in the entablature, between the architrave and the cornice, divided one fro 158) In the inside the architrave was bevelled on its upper edge, so as to allow the light to penetrate into the interior at a better angle than it would otherwise have done

[Illustration: FIG 157--_Claustra_ in the Hypostyle Hall of the Temple of Khons Compiled from the elevations in the _Description_, iii 28]

The use of these _claustra_, full of variety though they were in the hands of a skilful architect, were not the only yptians had recourse They were helped in their work, or, in the case of very ss contrived in the roof itself These oblique holes are found in the superior angles of the hypostyle hall at Karnak (Fig 159) After the roof was in place it was seen, no doubt, that the _claustra_ did not of thee chas were laboriously cut in its ceiling One of the inner chahted by vertical holes cut through the slabs of the roof (Fig 160) Sis are to be seen in the lateral aisles of the hypostyle hall in the Raht upward projection which surrounds the upper extre 161) Finally there are buildings in which these openings are the only sources of illumination This is notably the case in the Te 162) represents the roof of that tes hich it is pierced

[Illustration: FIG 158--Method of lighting in one of the inner halls of Karnak Compiled from the plans and elevations of the _Description_]

[Illustration: FIG 159--Auxiliary light-holes in the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak _Description_, iii 26]