Volume I Part 11 (2/2)

Sandstone and liranite is of less frequent occurrence and suggests an important observation

Granite is not a sedimentary, stratified rock like lireat masses, to a depth or, to speak more accurately, in a volume which is practically unlimited; the dimensions of the stones which may be cut from these masses are therefore infinite to all intents and purposes[102]

[102] The obelisk of Queen Hatasu, at Karnak, is 105 ft 8 in

high; the statue of Rameses II at Thebes, on the left bank of the river, is aabout 1,200 tons [The obelisk which still re been completely detached froh and 11 ft 1-1/2 in diayptians also made use of both burnt and unburnt brick

The eave birth to e may call ”dressed construction,” that is, construction the elements of which are squared upon each face and put into close juxtaposition one with another

Concrete or pise, compressed, as in the pylons, between yptians This ave rise to e h trees, except the palyptians built also in wood, by which a third kind of construction, called construction by asseether by being introduced one into another, was obtained

In a few buildings of the latter class metal seems to have been e, and sometimes for outward decoration

--4--_Dressed Construction_

The constructive elements which enter into the cos are stone and brick

In the first place, these elements are horizontal or vertical

The horizontal elements constitute the planes, as they cover the voids by horizontal superposition

They consist of courses and architraves

The courses fored in horizontal bands, with vertical and so joints The separate stones are often bound together upon their horizontal surfaces by dovetails or tenons of wood The blocks e diyptians also made use of se flat ones which concealed the70)

[103] We find this construction in the so-called Temple of the Sphinx, near the Great Pyramid

Various peculiarities of construction which are comparatively seldom met ill be noticed e come to describe the monuments in which they are to be found

Architraves were stone bea of the building, which latter was co and heavy slabs

The vertical elements support the architraves and coreatly in size Those of small or medium dimensions are monoliths; others are composed of many courses of stone one upon another, courses which in this case take the nayptian ”bond”]

Upon exterior surfaces, supports take various forms of development which may all be referred to the type which we have defined, namely, the portico In the interiors the forical consequence of the material employed Whenever the stones which fore over the whole of the space comprised within talls, they must be made to rest upon inters up in every building of any importance This very elementary combination fulfils all the requirements of circulation The number of supports depends upon the number of rows of the flat stones which form the roof They are sometimes multiplied to such an extent that they reardens which we call a quincunx

[Illustration: FIG 70--Double-faced wall]

[Illustration: FIGS 71, 72--Elements of the portico]

We cannot, however, affirm that the nuth of the architraves, or of the roofing stones

Soular intervals, lest they should break with their oeight or with that put upon them The walls, architraves, and vertical supports are always far stronger than the ht of the roof would require