Part 24 (1/2)
”Let us try that plan, and see how it will succeed. Suppose the cake has to be divided among you, Arthur and Winnie. If I cut off a very thin slice for you, and divide what is left between your brother and sister, will that be fair?”
”No, that would not be at all fair, Grandpa.”
”Why not? Did I not divide the cake according to your advice? Did I not cut it into three parts?”
”But one was larger than the other, and they ought to have been exactly the same size.”
”Then you think, that if I had divided the cake into three equal parts, it would have been quite fair?”
”Yes; if you had done so, I should have no cause to complain.”
”Now, Norman, let us suppose that I have three baskets to send to a distance by three persons; shall I act fairly if I give each a basket to carry?”
”Stop a minute, Grandpa, I must think a little. No, it might not be fair, for one of the baskets might be a great deal larger than the others.”
”Come, Norman, I see that you are really beginning to think. But we will take care that the baskets are all of the same size.”
”Then it would be quite fair for each one to take a basket.”
”What! if one was full of lead, and the other two were filled with feathers?”
”Oh, no! I never thought of that. Let the baskets be of the same weight, and all will be right.”
”Are you quite sure of that? Suppose one of the three persons is a strong man, another a weak woman, and the third a little child?”
”Grandpa! Grandpa! Why, I am altogether wrong. How many things there are to think about.”
”Well, Norman, I hope you see that if burdens have to be equally borne, they must be suited to the strength of those who have to bear them.”
”Yes, I see that clearly now. Put one more question to me, Grandpa, and I will try to answer it properly this time.”
”Well, then, my next question is this: If I want a man to dig for me, and three persons apply for the situation, will it not be fair if I set them to work to try them, and choose the one who does his task in the quickest time?”
”Are they all to begin their work at the same time?”
”A very proper question, Norman: yes, they shall all start together.”
”Has one just as much ground to dig as another?”
”Exactly the same.”
”And will each man have a good spade?”