Part 1 (1/2)
The Story of the Cotton Plant.
by Frederick Wilkinson.
PREFACE.
In collecting the facts which will be found in this Story of the Cotton plant, the author has of necessity had to consult many books. He is especially indebted to Baines' ”History of the Cotton Manufacture,”
French's ”Life and Times of Samuel Crompton,” Lee's ”Vegetable Lamb of Tartary,” Report of the U. S. A. Agricultural Department on ”The Cotton Plant,” and The American Cotton Company's Booklet on the Cylindrical Bale.
Mr. Thornley, spinning master at the Technical School, Bolton, has from time to time offered very important suggestions during the progress of this little work. The author is also deeply indebted to the late Mr.
Woods of the Technical School, Bolton, who was good enough to photograph most of the pictures which ill.u.s.trate this book, and without which it would have been impossible to make the story clear.
For permission to reproduce Fig. 3, the thanks of the author are due to Messrs. Sampson Low and Co., for Fig. 4, to Messrs. Longmans, Green and Co. For Figs. 5, 8, 9, 13, and 36, to Messrs. Dobson and Barlow, Ltd., Bolton. For Fig. 7, viz., the Longitudinal and Transverse Microphotographs of Cotton Fibre, the author is much indebted to Mr.
Christie of Mark Lane, London, who generously photographed them especially for this work. For Fig. 23, I am obliged to Mr. A. Perry, Bolton.
FRED WILKINSON.
THE STORY OF THE COTTON PLANT.
CHAPTER I.
ORIGIN, GROWTH, AND CHIEF CULTIVATED SPECIES OF COTTON PLANT.
In the frontispiece of this little work is a picture of a cotton field showing the plants bearing mature pods which contain ripe fibre and seed, and in Fig. 2 stands a number of bobbins or reels of cotton thread, in which there is one having no less than seventeen hundred and sixty yards of sewing cotton, or one English mile of thread, on it. As both pictures are compared there appears to be very little in common between them, the white fluffy feathery ma.s.ses contained in the pods shown in the one picture, standing in strange contrast to the strong, beautifully regular and even threads wound on the bobbins pictured in the other.
From cotton tree to cotton thread is undoubtedly a far cry, but it will be seen further on that the connection between the two is a very real and vital one.
Now it is the main purpose of this book to unfold the wonderful story of the plant, and to fill in the details of the gap from tree to thread, and to trace the many changes through which the beautiful downy cotton wool pa.s.ses before it arrives in the prim looking state of thread ready alike for the sewing machine or the needle of a seamstress.
Image: FIG. 2.--Bobbins of cotton thread.
Remembering that the great majority of the readers of this little book must of necessity be quite unaccustomed to trade terms and technical expressions, the author has endeavoured to present to his readers in untechnical language a simple yet truthful account of the many operations and conditions through which cotton is made to pa.s.s before reaching the final stages.
Nature provides no lovelier sight than the newly opened capsules containing the pure white and creamy flocculent ma.s.ses of the cotton fibre as they hang from almost every branch of the tree at the end of a favourable season.
And how strange is the story of this plant as we look back through the centuries and listen to the myths and fables, almost legion, which early historians have handed down to us or imaginative travellers have conceived. There is, however, every reason to believe that in the far distant ages of antiquity this plant was cultivated, and yielded then, as it does now, a fibre from which the inhabitants of those far-off times produced material with which to clothe their bodies.
It will not be considered out of place if some of the early beliefs which obtained among the peoples of Western Asia and Europe for many years are related.
Like many other things the origin of the Cotton plant is shrouded in mystery, and many writers are agreed that it originally came from the East, but it will be seen later on that equally strong claims can be presented from other countries in the Western Hemisphere. Many of us have been amused at the curious ideas which people, say of a hundred years ago, had of the Coral Polyp.
Even to-day children may be heard singing in school,
”Far adown the silent ocean Dwells the coral _insect_ small”!
Not a few of the early naturalists believed that the Coral was a plant and while living in the sea water it was soft, and when dead it became hard!
We smile at this, of course, but it was not until actual investigation on the spot, as to what the Coral was, that the truth came out.