Part 15 (2/2)
The nitric acid is one of the most prone to combination, and is at the same time very easily decomposed Alold, silver, and platina, rob it less or ether It was very anciently known, and its combinations have been more studied by chemists than those of any other acid These combinations were naed their na as they are formed by nitric or by nitrous acid, and have added the specific nauish the several combinations from each other
TABLE _of the Combinations of Sulphuric Acid with the Salifiable Bases, in the order of affinity_
_Na compounds_ _New nomenclature_ _Old nomenclature_
Barytes Sulphat of barytes Heavy spar Vitriol of heavy earth
Potash potash {Vitriolated tartar Sal { de duobus Arcanum { duplicataypsunesia Epsonesian vitriol
Aill argill Aluoslar { vitriol, white coperas, { vitriol of zinc
iron iron {Green coperas, green { vitriol, anese Vitriol of anese
cobalt cobalt Vitriol of cobalt
nickel nickel Vitriol of nickel
lead lead Vitriol of lead
tin tin Vitriol of tin
copper copper {Blue coperas, blue vitriol, { Roman vitriol, { vitriol of copper
bismuth bismuth Vitriol of bismuth
antimony antimony Vitriol of antimony
arsenic arsenic Vitriol of arsenic
mercury mercury Vitriol of old Vitriol of gold
platina platina Vitriol of platina
SECT XIV--_Observations upon Sulphuric Acid and its Co time this acid was procured by distillation from sulphat of iron, in which sulphuric acid and oxyd of iron are co to the process described by Basil Valentine in the fifteenth century; but, in modern times, it is procured more oeconomically by the combustion of sulphur in proper vessels Both to facilitate the coenation of the sulphur, a little powdered saltpetre, nitrat of potash, is en to the sulphur, which contributes to its conversion into acid Notwithstanding this addition, the sulphur will only continue to burn in close vessels for a lien is exhausted, and the air of the vessels reduced alas, and because the acid itself reress of co sulphuric acid in the large way, the e close built cha a little water at the botto the condensation of the vapours Afterwards, by distillation in large retorts with a gentle heat, the water passes over, slightly inated with acid, and the sulphuric acid remains behind in a concentrated state It is then pellucid, without any flavour, and nearly double the weight of an equal bulk of water This process would be greatly facilitated, and the co fresh air into the chambers, by means of several pairs of bellows directed towards the flaas to escape through long serpentine canals, in contact ater, to absorb any sulphuric or sulphurous acid gas it ht contain
By one experiment, Mr Berthollet found that 69 parts of sulphur in coen, to form 100 parts of sulphuric acid; and, by another experiment, made in a different manner, he calculates that 100 parts of sulphuric acid consists of 72 parts sulphur, coht
This acid, in common with every other, can only dissolve metals when they have been previously oxydated; buta part of the acid, so as to carry off a sufficient quantity of oxygen, to render themselves soluble in the part of the acid which remains undecomposed This happens with silver,concentrated sulphuric acid; they beco part of the acid, and then dissolve in the other part; but they do not sufficiently disoxygenate the decomposed part of the acid to reconvert it into sulphur; it is only reduced to the state of sulphurous acid, which, being volatilised by the heat, flies off in foras
Silver, mercury, and all the other metals except iron and zinc, are insoluble in diluted sulphuric acid, because they have not sufficient affinity with oxygen to draw it off from its combination either with the sulphur, the sulphurous acid, or the hydrogen; but iron and zinc, being assisted by the action of the acid, decompose the water, and become oxydated at its expence, without the help of heat
TABLE _of the Combinations of the Sulphurous Acid with the Salifiable Bases, in the order of affinity_
_Names of the Bases_ _Names of the Neutral Salts_
Barytes Sulphite of barytes
Potash potash
Soda soda