Part 12 (1/2)

32. Hoff, ”Of Witches' Brew,” p. 215.

33. Ibid., p. 214.

34. Ibid., p. 215.

35. Ansolabehere and Snyder, ”Weak Tea.”

36. Michael Sokolove, ”The Outsider's Insider,” New York Times, November 8, 2009.

37. Our account draws on general media coverage, and on Rhodes Cook, ”The Battle for the Senate: The Republicans Fall Short,” in Sabato, Pendulum Swing, chapter 3.

38. Pat Toomey in Pennsylvania is sometimes called a Tea Party candidate who, first drove moderate Republican Arlen Specter out of the GOP, and then defeated the Democratic nominee in the general election. But Toomey is a former head of the Club for Growth and was an ultra-free-market-oriented Republican with his own sources of generous funding long before the Tea Party became a force.

39. Jon Craig, ”Kasich: Pa.s.senger Rail is 'Dead',” Cincinnati.com, November 2, 2010; Rebecca Stewart, ”Scott Rejects Rail Funds for Florida,” CNN Politics, Political Ticker blog, February 16, 2011; Joan Lowry and Kevin Frekin, ”Wisconsin High-Speed Rail Money Goes Elsewhere...,” HuffPost Chicago, December 9, 2010; and Benny Sieu, ”a.s.sembly Pa.s.ses Union Measure After Bitter Debate,” JournalInteractive, March 10, 2011.

40. Abby Goodnough, ”Maine Governor Gets Testy With N.A.A.C.P.,” New York Times, January 14, 2011; and Steve Mistler, ”LePage Orders Removal of Labor Mural, Sparking Outcry,” SunJournal, May 16, 2011.

41. Adam Bonica, ”Introducing the 112th Congress,” Ideological Cartography, November 5, 2010. Available at /2010/11/05/introducing-the-112th-congress/ as of May 22, 2011. Bonica's measures use campaign finance data to pinpoint newly elected legislators on the left-right scale. His measurements correlate closely with well-established political science measures of the left-right voting patterns for sitting legislators. See Bonica, ”How to Construct an Ideological Map of Candidates and Contributors Using Campaign Finance Records,” Ideological Cartography, February 15, 2010; and for a full presentation, Bonica, ”Ideology and Interests in the Political Marketplace,” unpublished paper, September 2010.

42. Republican Representatives are considered aligned with the Tea Party if they joined the Tea Party caucus by April 2011, or if the New York Times listed them prior to the November 2010 elections as receiving clear support from Tea Party groups. See Kate Zernike, ”Tea Party Set to Win Enough Races for Wide Influence,” New York Times, October 14, 2011, including linked list of Tea Party endorsed candidates.

43. Adam Bonica, ”Introducing the 112th Congress,” Ideological Cartography website, November 5, 2010.

44. Nolan McCarty, Keith T. Poole, and Howard Rosenthal, Polarized Politics: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008).

45. The following account draws especially upon Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson, Off Center: The Republican Revolution and the Erosion of American Democracy (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005); and Barbara Sinclair, Party Wars: Polarization and the Politics of National Policymaking (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006).

46. For an a.n.a.lysis of the sources of the current deficit and the debt, see Kathy Ruffing and James R. Horney, ”Critics Still Wrong on What's Driving Deficits in Coming Years,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, June 28, 2010.

47. Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson, Winner-Take-All-Politics: How Was.h.i.+ngton Made the Rich Richer-And Turned Its Back on the Middle Cla.s.s (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010), chapter 1.

48. Ibid., pp. 207210.

49. Neil King, Douglas A. Blackmon, and Jennifer Levitz, ”Tea-Activists Prepare To Turn Aims Into Politics,” Wall Street Journal, Thursday, November 4, 2010, A8.

50. Amy Gardner, ”FreedomWorks Gathers GOP Lawmakers to Focus on Tea Party Goals,” Was.h.i.+ngton Post, November 12, 2010.

51. Ibid.

52. Amy Gardner, ”Tea Party Groups Holding Legislators to Promises,” Was.h.i.+ngton Post, November 16, 2010.

53. Tom Hamburger, Kathleen Hennessey, and Neela Banerjee, ”Koch Brothers Now at the Heart of GOP Power,” Los Angeles Times, February 6, 2011.

54. Ibid. ”Nine of the 12 new Republicans on the panel signed a pledge distributed by a Koch-funded advocacy group-Americans for Prosperity-to oppose the Obama administration's proposal to regulate greenhouse gases. Of the six GOP freshman lawmakers on the panel, five benefited from the group's separate advertising and gra.s.sroots activity during the 2010 campaign.”

55. For example, see Matt Canham, ”Revolving Door? Less Picks Top Lobbyist to Lead His Staff,” Salt Lake Tribune, November 11, 2010; and Dan Eggen, ”GOP Freshman Pompeo Turned to Koch for Money for Business, then Politics,” Was.h.i.+ngton Post, Sunday, March 20, 2011.

56. Ryan described his own budget as a ”cause” more than an actual budget. See Dana Milbank, ”Paul Ryan's Dogmatic Budget,” Was.h.i.+ngton Post, April 7, 2011. For a thorough a.n.a.lysis of the distributional effects, see Paul N. Van de Water, ”The Ryan Budget's Radical Priorities,” Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, July 7, 2010. For fact-checking and Ryan's reliance on ideologically cooked Heritage Foundation estimates, see Glenn Kessler, ”Fact-Checking the Ryan Budget Plan,” Was.h.i.+ngton Post, The Fact Checker blog, April 6, 2011. For Ryan's own presentation of his plan to a friendly audience, see Paul Ryan, ”The Path to Prosperity,” American Enterprise Inst.i.tute, Tuesday, April 5, 2011.

57. Harold Myerson, ”Who's Hurt by Paul Ryan's Budget Proposal,” Was.h.i.+ngton Post, April 7, 2011.

58. Raymond Hernandez, ”Gingrich Calls G.O.P.'s Medicare Plan Too Radical,” New York Times, Monday, May 16, 2011, A11.

59. Elspeth Reeve, ”70% of Tea Partiers Don't Want to Cut Medicare Either,” National Journal, April 19, 2011. Other surveys reported similar findings.

60. For example, a poll taken in late April 2011, found that ”sixty-four percent of those polled said they favor raising taxes on people earning more than $250,000 a year in order to reduce the nation's deficits. Only 29 percent opposed higher taxes for those earners....” Ian Swenson, ”HILL POLL: Majority of Voters Reject Medicare Cuts to Reduce Budget Deficits,” The Hill, May 2, 2011. See also Steven Thomas, ”Poll: Best Way to Fight Deficits: Raise Taxes on the Rich,” McClatchy Was.h.i.+ngton Bureau, April 18, 2011.

61. Charlie Cook, ”Charlie Cook: Warning Signs Among the GOP,” National Journal, April 4, 2011.

62. Juan Williams, ”OPINION: Speaker Boehner in the Temple of Tea Party Doom,” The Hill, April 11, 2011.

63. Examples include: Joshua Green, ”Losing Steam,” Boston Globe, May 12, 2011, A15; and Eliza Newlin Carney, ”Tea Party Dogs GOP on Debt Ceiling,” National Journal, May 8, 2011.

64. The ”FreedomConnect” web tool is discussed in Gardner, ”Tea Party Groups Holding Legislators to Promises.” This tool also allows FreedomWorks operatives to see what local Tea Partiers are doing.

65. The quote comes from Jenny Beth Martin, coordinator of Tea Party Patriots, and appears in Jackie Kucinich, ”Tea Party Group Releases Members' Personal Numbers,” Roll Call, November 12, 2010.