Part 6 (1/2)
THE MUTINY AT SPITHEAD--AN EXCEPTION--VALUE OF A CHRISTIAN CAPTAIN--THE MUTINY BREAKS OUT AT SHEERNESS--ANOTHER LOYAL s.h.i.+P--THE MUTINY QUELLED.
In the year 1797 an event occurred connected with the navy of England, which cannot even now be thought of without sorrow and shame. The crews of most of the s.h.i.+ps of the Channel fleet then anch.o.r.ed at Spithead deposed their officers, and refused to proceed to sea, unless certain grievances of which they complained were redressed.
It must be remembered, however, that the seamen of those days were very uneducated--too often utterly ignorant of religious truth, and thus easily imposed upon by designing men. Their pay was scanty, the provisions served out to them often bad, and deficient in quant.i.ty, while no care was taken of their moral or spiritual welfare. Still no excuse can be offered for mutiny however much we may pity those who are induced to commit the crime in the hopes of obtaining redress for wrongs. The Christian must ever look to his Lord and Master, and be guided by His conduct under wrong and oppression. However, all the s.h.i.+ps' companies did not mutiny, and among those which remained faithful to their duty was the crew of the _Saint Fiorenzo_ frigate, Captain Sir Harry Burrard Neale. How came this about? Was discipline less strict on board the _Saint Fiorenzo_? Were her crew allowed greater licence than those of other s.h.i.+ps? Certainly not. But on board her the law of kindness, of mercy, and justice prevailed; on board many others it was too often neglected. However, an account of the behaviour of her crew on that trying occasion shall be given in the words of one who was then a mids.h.i.+pman on board her:--
”Our captain was one of the most upright and humane men in the service-- a perfect officer and a perfect gentleman;” and a true, humble Christian, from whose mouth an oath never proceeded, whose lips never uttered a falsehood, might have been added. ”He was a great favourite with George the Third, and the _Saint Fiorenzo_ had consequently been appointed to attend on His Majesty during his summer sojourn at Weymouth. The King won the affection of both officers and men by his urbane and kind manners whenever he came on board. He used to call us up, and talk to us, lieutenants, mids.h.i.+pmen, and seamen alike, in the most familiar manner, taking an interest in our private histories, and all we had to say for ourselves. No wonder, then, that officers and men were loyal to the back-bone. Our captain, too, from the day he commissioned the s.h.i.+p, had, by his justice and kindness, done still more to make the officers and men love him. Few fathers would have been more thoughtful of the interests of their children than he was of the welfare of the men under his charge. On the 14th of April, 1797, the _Saint Fiorenzo_ lay at Spithead, forming one of a large fleet under Lord Bridport. It was known that certain complaints had been sent up to the Admiralty by the s.h.i.+ps' companies, but little was thought of the matter by the officers, when some of the petty officers of the _Saint Fiorenzo_ informed Sir Harry that the men of most of the s.h.i.+ps had resolved to mutiny, if the complaints were not forthwith attended to. It was supposed that the doc.u.ments received at the Admiralty were forgeries, or sent up by a few disaffected men. Sir Harry, however, on cross-questioning our people, was convinced that the pet.i.tions really did express the opinions of the seamen of the navy, and promising that he would make the true state of the case known, that very evening sent up an officer with despatches to London. The next day the mutiny broke out, and each s.h.i.+p's company was directed to send representatives, called delegates, on board the _Queen Charlotte_. Sir Harry directed our s.h.i.+p's company to select two of the most sensible and trustworthy of our men, Aynsley and Stanley, as their delegates, and they regularly informed him of all that was taking place. His representations had great weight at head-quarters; the more reasonable demands of the mutineers were granted, and the seamen returned to their duty.
”In the meantime we received orders to fit out at Sheerness, to carry over the Princess Royal to Cuxhaven, after her marriage with the Duke of Wurtemburg. That no time might be lost, the guns on both sides, from the cabin door to the break of the p.o.o.p, were sent down into the hold, that the carpenters might begin fitting up the cabins, thus crippling our powers as a fighting s.h.i.+p.
”On our arrival at Sheerness, great was our astonishment at finding the red flag--the signal of mutiny--flying on board the _Sandwich_. It being supposed that her crew had not been informed of what had taken place at Spithead, our delegates were sent to explain matters. On getting on board they were disgusted to find that fresh demands had been made on the Government by the crews of the North Sea fleet, of a nature so frivolous that they were not at all likely to be granted. Our men, it appeared, expressed their views in a very unguarded way, and in no courteous language. This enraged Parker--the unhappy man who had a.s.sumed the command of the fleet--and the other ringleaders, and our s.h.i.+p's company became marked as disaffected to the common cause. From the information our delegates gave on their return, it was suspected that the mutineers intended removing our officers. In consequence, Sir Harry resolved immediately to quit the fleet and to run into the harbour of Sheerness.
”Near us lay the _Clyde_, an old fellow-cruiser, commanded by Captain Cunningham, who had, also, by kindness and justice, won the confidence and affection of his crew. An arrangement was accordingly made between the two captains and the s.h.i.+p's companies, that they would make the attempt together, and share each other's fortune.
”Neither of our pilots, however, through fear or treachery, would take charge of the s.h.i.+ps. At this juncture Captain Cunningham went on board the _Chatham_ yacht, which lay near, for Mr William Bardo, one of her mates with whose fitness for the task he was acquainted. Mr Bardo undertook the task of piloting the _Clyde_, and as she was the insh.o.r.e s.h.i.+p, she was to move first. We watched her with intense anxiety. She cast the right way, and before one of the s.h.i.+ps in the power of the mutineers could make sail after her, she was safe from pursuit. Not having a pilot we could trust, and the tide now being unfavourable, Sir Harry decided to wait till the suspicions of the mutineers might be lulled. Our anxiety was relieved when, soon after dusk, Mr Bardo, sent by Captain Cunningham, came off to us in a small boat to pilot us in.
Just, however, as we were preparing to move the next morning, a body of the delegates came on board, and, abusing our men for allowing the _Clyde_ to escape without firing into her, ordered them to bring the _Saint Fiorenzo_ in and place her between the _Inflexible_ and _Director_, to unbend our sails, and to send our gunpowder on board the _Sandwich_, the flag-s.h.i.+p of the so-called Admiral Parker. So enraged were our people with these orders, that one of the quarter-masters, John Aynsley, came aft, and in the name of the s.h.i.+p's company, begged that they might heave the delegates overboard.
”Sir Harry, however, to whom all matters were referred, while he sat quietly in his cabin out of sight, ordered our delegates to express their readiness to comply with Admiral Parker's orders; and at length the mutineers, satisfied that we were about to do as directed, left the s.h.i.+p.
”As soon as they were gone, we got springs on our cable, so as to cast inwards, and all was made ready to run, as was at first intended, into Sheerness. In heaving, however, the spring broke, and we cast outward.
The effect of this was to carry us right among the mutinous fleet.
”At this critical juncture, Sir Harry, whose presence of mind never forsook him, directed one of the quartermasters to appear on deck as if in command, while he and all the officers concealed themselves in different parts of the s.h.i.+p--he posting himself so that he could, unseen, issue his orders. In a moment every sail was sheeted home, and we stood in between the two line-of-battle s.h.i.+ps, which, as the delegates had told us, had all their guns double shotted, while their crews stood ready, lanyards in hand, to sink us with their broadsides.
”On we stood, the s.h.i.+p gathering good way, when, as we got in among the mutinous fleet, Sir Harry gave the order to let fly all the sheets.
This so completely took the mutineers by surprise that they, believing the s.h.i.+p was coming about, did not fire a shot at us. Sir Harry then ordered the helm to be put 'hard a port,' which caused the s.h.i.+p to shoot ahead of the _Inflexible_ and clear of her. He immediately sprang on deck, crying out, 'Well done, my lads!' A loud murmur of applause was heard fore and aft along the deck, but we had no time for cheering.
'Now clear away the bulk-heads, and mount the guns,' he added. Scarcely were the words out of his mouth, than the whole fleet of thirty-two sail opened their fire. The shot fell thick as hail around us on every side.
The men stood at their stations without flinching. Of course it would have been worse than useless to have returned their fire.
”On we stood. Never s.h.i.+p pa.s.sed through such a fire so slightly scathed. Not that we escaped altogether; now a shot struck us, now another. The _Director_ alone might have sunk us; but, as far as we could judge, not a shot came from her. Some believed that her crew, struck with admiration at the heroism displayed by our people, fired wide, or did not put shot into their guns. Though we were repeatedly hulled, not a rope was shot away, nor was any one hurt on board. G.o.d in his mercy, working as he thinks fit to work through human agency, protected us. Everybody was labouring with a will, and in two hours we had our decks clear, our guns mounted, and were in a perfect state of preparation to meet a foe.
”No sooner was this done than the men came aft in a body, and begged Sir Harry that should any of the mutinous fleet come up with us, they might be allowed to go down at their guns rather than return to the Nore. The captain promised them that they should have their wish: at which they seemed as contented as if some great favour had been done them.
”As yet, however, there were no signs of our being pursued: though shortly the determination of our men was to be put to the test.
”Sir Harry had resolved to return to Portsmouth, and when just off the mouth of the Thames a fleet of men-of-war hove in sight. They approached with the red flag at their mast-heads. This was the North Sea fleet, with the admiral and all the officers under arrest.
”No sooner were we seen than a frigate bore down on us. That we could escape her was doubtful; and though we could have beaten her off had we fired, we should have brought the rest of the fleet down on us. Sir Harry, therefore, gave the speaking-trumpet to Stanley, and directed him to answer the questions of the mutineers. His replies seemed satisfactory, for the frigate, hauling her wind, rejoined the fleet.
Scarcely had we lost sight of the North Sea fleet, than we spoke a brig, which gave us the astounding information that the mutiny had again broken out at Spithead. We therefore, just as it was growing dark, anch.o.r.ed under Dungeness, with springs on our cables, prepared for an attack.
”Towards the end of the middle watch, a large s.h.i.+p, as she appeared, was seen bearing down towards us. The crew, believing her to be a foe, again came aft, and repeated their request to be allowed to sink, rather than surrender to the mutineers. The private signals were made: they were answered; but that was no security, as the mutineers would of course have possessed themselves of them. The drum beat to quarters.
It was a time of awful suspense. The wind was very light. The stranger closed slowly. Many a.s.serted that she was a line-of-battle s.h.i.+p. As the light from our fighting-lanterns beamed forth from every port, it was easily seen what we were. Our springs were hove on, to keep our broadside to bear. Our captain hailed; breathless, we waited for a reply. The answer was, 'H.M.S. _Huzzar_, Captain Lord Garlais, from the West Indies.' Coming from a long voyage, she was high out of the water, which made her appear, in the gloom, like a line-of-battle s.h.i.+p. When his people, who had heard nothing of the mutiny, were acquainted with what had occurred, they were so much struck with the bravery and determination of our s.h.i.+p's company, that they promised to stick by us, and share our fate if attacked by the mutineers. Not many days after this, Parker and his a.s.sociates were allowed by the seamen they had misled to be carried on sh.o.r.e by a file of soldiers, without opposition, and the mutiny was brought to an end.”
The last years of that good captain, who had been the friend and companion of princes--who had so often in battle met the enemies of his country, were spent in visiting the cottages of the poor surrounding his house, telling them of the Saviour's love, carrying them food and clothing, and other comforts, and never failing to speak kind words of comfort and advice.
But we must not pause here. Some important lessons are to be learnt from this narrative. See how the law of love and kindness, combined with justice, prevails, where harshness and severity fail. The crews of the _Saint Fiorenzo_ and _Clyde_ were composed of the same cla.s.s of men as those of the s.h.i.+ps which mutinied; yet the latter basely struck their colours, and the former were ready to die for their officers.
Let us ask ourselves, how do we rule in our families--over those placed under us? By the rule of our merciful Saviour, or by the rule of the world, of our own tempers--that is, the flesh--or of the devil?