Part 108 (1/2)

Calyx without bractlets, of 5 almost distinct sepals, valvate in the bud. Corolla ovate, 5-toothed, p.u.b.erulent. Stamens 10; anthers fixed near the base, linear, awnless, the cells tapering upward and opening by a long c.h.i.n.k. Capsule oblong-pyramidal, 5-celled, 5-valved; the many-seeded placentae at the base of the cells. Seeds _all ascending_, slender, the thin and loose reticulated coat extended at both ends into awl-shaped appendages.--A tree with deciduous, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, soon smooth, serrulate leaves, on slender petioles, and white flowers in long one-sided racemes cl.u.s.tered in an open panicle, terminating the branches of the season. Bracts and bractlets minute, deciduous. Foliage acid (whence the name, from ????, _sour_, and d??d???, _tree_.)

1. O. arbreum, DC. Tree 15--40 high; leaves in size and shape like those of the peach.--Rich woods, from Penn. to Ind., and southward, mostly along the Alleghanies, to Fla. June, July.

9. LEUCoTHOe, Don.

Calyx of 5 nearly distinct sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla ovate or cylindraceous, 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anthers naked, or the cells with 1 or 2 erect awns at the apex, opening by a pore. Capsule depressed, more or less 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-valved, the sutures not thickened; valves entire; the many-seeded placentae borne on the summit of the short columella. Seeds mostly pendulous.--Shrubs with petioled and serrulate leaves, and white scaly-bracted flowers in dense axillary or terminal spiked racemes. (A mythological name.)

[*] _Anthers awnless; stigma 5-rayed; racemes sessile, dense, with persistent bracts, in the axils of thick and s.h.i.+ning evergreen leaves; calyx not bracteolate._

1. L. axillaris, Don. _Leaves lanceolate-oblong or oval, abruptly pointed_ or acute, somewhat spinulose-serrulate, _on very short petioles; sepals broadly ovate_.--Low grounds, Va. to Fla. and Ala.

Feb.--April.--Shrub 2--4 high.

2. L. Catesbae'i, Gray. _Leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed_, serrulate with ciliate-spinulose appressed teeth, _conspicuously petioled_ (3--6' long); _sepals ovate-oblong_, often acute.--Moist banks of streams, Va. to Ga. along the mountains. May.--Shrub 2--4 high, with long spreading or recurved branches. Flowers exhaling the unpleasant scent of Chestnut-blossoms.

[*][*] _Anthers awned; stigma simple; flowers very short-pedicelled, in long one-sided racemes mostly terminating the branches; bracts deciduous; leaves membranaceous and deciduous, serrulate; calyx bibracteolate._

3. L. recurva, Buckley. _Branches and racemes recurved-spreading_; leaves lanceolate or ovate, taper-pointed; _sepals ovate; anther-cells 1-awned; pod 5-lobed, seeds flat and cellular-winged_.--Dry hills, Alleghanies of Va. to Ala. April.--Lower and more straggling than the next.

4. L. racemsa, Gray. _Branches and racemes mostly erect_; leaves oblong or oval-lanceolate, acute; _sepals ovate-lanceolate; anther-cells each 2-awned; pod not lobed; seeds angled and wingless_.--Moist thickets, Ma.s.s. to Fla. and La., near the coast. May, June.--Shrub 4--10 high.

Corolla cylindrical.

10. Ca.s.saNDRA, Don. LEATHER-LEAF.

Calyx of 5 distinct rigid ovate and acute sepals, imbricated in the bud, and with a pair of similar bractlets. Corolla cylindrical-oblong, 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anther-cells tapering into a tubular beak, and opening by a pore at the apex, awnless. Capsule depressed, 5-celled, many-seeded, the pericarp of 2 layers, the outer 5-valved, the cartilaginous inner layer at length 10-valved. Seeds flattened, wingless.--Low and much branched shrubs, with nearly evergreen and coriaceous leaves, which are scurfy, especially underneath. Flowers white, in the axils of the upper small leaves, forming small 1-sided leafy racemes. (_Ca.s.sandra_, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba.)

1. C. calyculata, Don. Leaves oblong, obtuse, flat.--Bogs, Newf. to Minn., and south to Ga.

11. Ca.s.sOPE, Don.

Calyx without bractlets, of 4 or 5 nearly distinct ovate sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla broadly campanulate, deeply 4--5-cleft.

Stamens 8 or 10; anthers fixed by the apex; the ovoid cells each opening by a large terminal pore, and bearing a long recurved awn behind.

Capsule ovoid or globular, 4--5-celled, 4--5-valved, the valves 2-cleft; placentae many-seeded, pendulous from the summit of the columella. Seeds smooth and wingless.--Small, arctic or alpine evergreen plants, resembling Club-Mosses or Heaths. Flowers solitary, nodding on slender erect peduncles, white or rose-color. (_Ca.s.siope_ was the mother of Andromeda.)

1. C. hypnodes, Don. Tufted and proc.u.mbent, moss-like (1--4' high); leaves needle-shaped, imbricated; corolla 5-cleft; style short and conical.--Alpine summits of N. New Eng. and N. Y., and high northward.

12. CALLuNA, Salisb. HEATHER. LING.

Calyx of 4 colored sepals. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted, much shorter and less conspicuous than the calyx, both becoming scarious and persistent. Stamens 8, distinct; anthers with a pair of deflexed appendages on the back, the cells opening each by a long c.h.i.n.k. Capsule 4-celled, septicidally 4-valved.--Evergreen undershrub, with no scaly buds, opposite and minute leaves (mostly extended at base into 2 sharp auricles), crowded and imbricated on the branches. Flowers axillary, or terminating very short shoots and crowded on the branches, forming close mostly one-sided spikes or spike-like racemes, rose-colored or sometimes white, small, bracted by 2 or 3 pairs of leaves, the innermost of which are more or less scarious. (Named from ?a?????, _to brush_ or _sweep_, brooms being made of its twigs.)

1. C. vulgaris, Salisb. Low grounds, Ma.s.s., at Tewksbury and W.

Andover; Maine, at Cape Elizabeth; also N. Scotia, C. Breton, Newf., etc. Probably only introduced.

Two European heaths, ERCA CINeREA and E. TeTRALIX, have been found in small patches on Nantucket Island.

13. BRYaNTHUS, Steller.