Part 104 (1/2)

2. L. integriflia, Bigel. Less leafy, 3--4 high, loosely branched above or heads loosely panicled; leaves undivided, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, denticulate or entire; flowers yellow or purplish. (L.

Canadensis, var. integrifolia, _Torr. & Gray_.)--N. Eng. to Ill., and southward.

3. L. hirsuta, Muhl. Rather few-leaved, 2--3 high, commonly hirsute at base; leaves hirsute both sides or only on the midrib, mostly runcinate-pinnatifid; heads in a loose open panicle; achenes oblong-oval, about as long as the beak; flowers yellow-purple, rarely whitish. (L. Canadensis, var. sanguinea, _Torr. & Gray_.)--E. Ma.s.s. to Minn., and southward.

4. L. Ludoviciana, DC. Glabrous, leafy, 2--5 high; leaves oblong, sinuate-pinnatifid and spinulosely dentate, ciliate; heads in an open panicle; involucre more imbricate; flowers yellow.--Minn., Iowa, and southwestward.

-- 2. LACTUCaSTRUM. _Achenes flat, lanceolate-oblong, tapering to a short slender beak; perennial; flowers blue._

5. L. pulch.e.l.la, DC. Pale or glaucous; stem simple, 1--2 high; leaves sessile, oblong- or linear-lanceolate, entire, or the lower runcinate-pinnatifid; heads few and large, racemose, erect on scaly-bracted peduncles; involucral scales imbricated in 3 or 4 ranks.

(Mulgedium, _Nutt._)--Upper Mich. to Minn.; common on the plains westward.

-- 3. MULGeDIUM. _Achenes thickish, oblong, contracted into a short thick beak or neck; annual or biennial; flowers chiefly blue._

6. L. ac.u.minata, Gray. Tall biennial (3--7 high), with many small heads in a loose panicle, on diverging peduncles; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, pointed, sharply and sometimes doubly serrate, sometimes hairy on the midrib beneath, contracted into a winged petiole, the lowest occasionally sinuate or cleft at base, and the cauline sagittate or hastate; achenes beakless; pappus white. (Mulgedium, _DC._)--Borders of woods, N. Y. to Ill. and Fla.

7. L. Floridana, Gaertn. Leaves all lyrate or runcinate, the upper often with a heart-shaped clasping base; panicle larger; achenes distinctly beaked; otherwise as n. 7.--Rich soil, Penn. to Ill., and southward.

8. L. leucophae'a, Gray. Nearly smooth biennial; stem tall (3--12 high), very leafy; leaves irregularly pinnatifid, sometimes runcinate, coa.r.s.ely toothed, the upper cauline sessile and auriculate, sometimes clasping; heads in a large and dense compound panicle; flowers bluish to cream-color; achene short-beaked; pappus tawny. (Mulgedium, _DC._)--Low grounds; rather common.--Var. INTEGRIFLIA, Gray. Leaves undivided, or the lower sinuate-pinnatifid. Ohio to Ill.

98. SoNCHUS, L. SOW-THISTLE.

Heads many-flowered, becoming tumid at base. Involucre more or less imbricated. Achenes obcompressed, ribbed or striate, not beaked; pappus copious, of very white exceedingly soft and fine bristles mainly falling together.--Leafy-stemmed coa.r.s.e weeds, chiefly smooth and glaucous, with corymbed or umbellate heads of yellow flowers; produced in summer and autumn. (The ancient Greek name.)

[*] _Annual (1--5 high); flowers pale yellow._

S. OLERaCEUS, L. (COMMON SOW-THISTLE.) Stem-leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, or rarely undivided, slightly toothed with soft spiny teeth, clasping by a heart-shaped base, the auricles acute; involucre downy when young; achenes striate, also wrinkled transversely.--Waste places in manured soil and around dwellings. (Nat. from Eu.)

S. aSPER, Vill. (SPINY-LEAVED S.) Stem leaves less divided and more spiny-toothed, the auricles of the clasping base rounded; achenes margined, 3-nerved on each side, smooth.--With and like the last. (Nat.

from Eu.)

[*][*] _Perennial, with creeping rootstocks; flowers bright yellow, in large heads._

S. ARVeNSIS, L. (FIELD S.) Leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, spiny-toothed, clasping by a heart-shaped base; peduncles and involucre bristly; achenes transversely wrinkled on the ribs.--Roadsides, etc., N. Eng. and N. Y.; becoming more common. (Nat. from Eu.)

ORDER 56. LOBELIaCEae. (LOBELIA FAMILY.)

_Herbs with acrid milky juice, alternate leaves, and scattered flowers, an irregular monopetalous 5-lobed corolla, the 5 stamens free from the corolla, and united into a tube commonly by their filaments and always by their anthers._--Calyx-tube adherent to the many-seeded pod. Style 1; stigma often fringed. Seeds anatropous, with a small straight embryo, in copious alb.u.men.--Nearly pa.s.sing into the following order.

1. LOBeLIA, L.

Calyx 5-cleft, with a short tube. Corolla with a straight tube, split down on the (apparently) upper side, somewhat 2-lipped; the upper lip of 2 rather erect lobes, the lower lip spreading and 3-cleft. Two of the anthers in our species bearded at the top. Pod 2-celled, many-seeded, opening at the top.--Flowers axillary or chiefly in bracted racemes, in summer and early autumn. (Dedicated to _Matthias De l'Obel_, an early Flemish herbalist.)

[*] _Flowers deep red, large; stem simple._

1. L. cardinalis, L. (CARDINAL-FLOWER.) Tall (2--4 high), smoothish; leaves oblong-lanceolate, slightly toothed; raceme elongated, rather 1-sided; the pedicels much shorter than the leaf-like bracts.--Low grounds, common.--Perennial by offsets, with large and very showy intensely red flowers, varying rarely to rose-color or even white.

Hybrids with the next species also occur.