Part 73 (2/2)

[*][*] _Pericarp uniformly corky-thickened and ribs all filiform; leaves not peltate; peduncles much shorter than the petioles._

[+] _Fruit small, without secondary ribs or reticulations; involucre small or none._

4. H. Americana, L. Stems filiform, _branching and creeping; leaves thin_, round-reniform, _crenate-lobed_ and the lobes crenate, s.h.i.+ning; few-flowered umbels _axillary and almost sessile_; fruit less than 1”

broad; intermediate ribs prominent; no oil-bearing layer; seed-section broadly oval.--Common. (Addendum) Propagating by filiform tuberiferous stolons.

5. H. ranunculodes, L. f. _Usually floating; leaves thicker_, round-reniform, 3--7-cleft, the lobes crenate; _peduncles 1--3' long, reflexed in fruit_; capitate umbel 5--10-flowered; fruit 1--1” broad; ribs rather obscure; seed-section oblong.--E. Penn. to Fla., thence westward.

[+][+] _Fruit larger (2--2” broad), with prominent secondary ribs and reticulations; the 2--4-flowered umbel subtended by two conspicuous bracts._

6. H. Asiatica, L. Petioles and peduncles (1--2' long) cl.u.s.tered on creeping stems or runners; leaves ovate-cordate, repand-toothed, thickish; seed-section narrowly oblong. (H. repanda, _Pers._)--Md. to Fla. and Tex. (Widely distributed in the tropics and southern hemisphere.)

35. ERNGIUM, Tourn. ERYNGO.

Calyx-teeth prominent, rigid and persistent. Styles slender. Fruit ovate or obovate, covered with little hyaline scales or tubercles, with no ribs, and usually 5 slender oil-tubes on each carpel.--Chiefly perennials, with coriaceous, toothed, cut, or p.r.i.c.kly leaves, and blue or white bracted flowers closely sessile in dense heads. (A name used by Dioscorides, of uncertain origin.)

[*] _Stout, with parallel-veined elongated linear thick leaves._

1. E. yuccaeflium, Michx. (RATTLESNAKE-MASTER. b.u.t.tON SNAKE-ROOT.) Branching above, 1--6 high; leaves rigid, tapering to a point (lower sometimes 2--3 long), the margins remotely bristly; heads ovate-globose (9” long), with ovate-lanceolate mostly entire cuspidate-tipped bracts shorter than the head, and similar bractlets.--Dry or damp soil, N. J.

to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. July--Sept.

[*][*] _Tall and often stout; leaves thick, not parallel-veined._

2. E. Virginianum, Lam. _Slender_ (1--3 high); _radical and lower stem-leaves linear- to oblong-lanceolate, on long_ (sometimes 1 long) _fistulous petioles_, entire or with small hooked teeth; upper leaves sessile, spiny-toothed or laciniate; heads ovate-oblong (6” long), with spiny-toothed or entire reflexed bracts, and _bractlets with 3 spiny cusps_ (the middle one largest).--Margins of ponds and streams, N. J. to Fla. and Tex., near the coast. Aug., Sept.

3. E. Leavenworthii, Torr. & Gray. Stout (1--3 high); lowest stem-leaves broadly oblanceolate, spinosely toothed, the rest sessile and _deeply palmately-parted into narrow incisely-pinnatifid spreading pungent segments_; heads ovate-oblong (1--1' long), with pinnatifid spinose bracts and 3--7-cuspidate bractlets, the terminal ones very prominent and resembling the bracts.--Dry soil, E. Kan., Ark., and Tex.

[*][*][*] _Prostrate and slender, rooting at the joints, diffusely branched, with small thin unarmed leaves and very small heads._

4. E. prostratum, Nutt. Lower leaves oblong, entire, few-toothed, or lobed at base; upper leaves smaller, cl.u.s.tered at the rooting joints, ovate, few-toothed or entire (occasionally some additional trifid ones); reflexed bracts longer than the oblong heads (2--4” long).--Wet places, S. Mo. to Fla. and Tex.

36. SANiCULA, Tourn. SANICLE. BLACK SNAKEROOT.

Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular; the carpels not separating spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked p.r.i.c.kles, each with 5 oil-tubes.--Perennial rather tall glabrous herbs, with few palmately-lobed or parted leaves, those from the root long-petioled.

Umbels irregular or compound, the flowers (greenish or yellowish) capitate in the umbellets, perfect, and with staminate ones intermixed.

Involucre and involucels few-leaved. (Name said to be from _sano_, to heal; or perhaps from _San Nicolas_.)

1. S. Marylandica, L. Stem 1--3 high; leaves 3--7-parted, the divisions mostly sharply cut and serrate; sterile flowers numerous and long-pedicelled; fruit 1--2” long, the styles longer than the p.r.i.c.kles.--Throughout our range, south to Ga. and Tenn., west to E. Kan.

and Minn. May--Aug.

Var. Canadensis, Torr., has comparatively few and short-pedicelled sterile flowers, and styles shorter than the p.r.i.c.kles. (S. Canadensis, _L._)--With the last, but westward only to Minn. and E. Kan.

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