Part 60 (2/2)

Calyx bell-shaped, nearly free from the ovary, 5-parted. Petals 5, with claws, entire. Stamens 10, long and slender. Styles 2. Capsule membranaceous, 1-celled, 2-valved; the valves unequal. Seeds few, at the base of each parietal placenta, globular, smooth.--Perennials; flowers white. (Name a diminutive from t???a, _a tiara_, or turban, from the form of the pod, or rather pistil, which is like that of Mitella, to which the name of _Mitre-wort_ properly belongs.)

1. T. cordiflia, L. Leaves from the rootstock or summer runners heart-shaped, sharply lobed and toothed, spa.r.s.ely hairy above, downy beneath; stem leafless or rarely with 1 or 2 leaves (5--12' high); raceme simple; petals oblong, often subserrate.--Rich rocky woods, N. Eng. to Minn. and Ind., and southward in the mountains. April, May.

6. MITeLLA, Tourn. MITRE-WORT. BISHOP'S-CAP.

Calyx short, coherent with the base of the ovary, 5-cleft. Petals 5, slender, pinnatifid. Stamens 5 or 10, included. Styles 2, very short.

Capsule short, 2-beaked, 1-celled, with 2 parietal or rather basal several-seeded placentae, 2-valved at the summit. Seeds smooth and s.h.i.+ning.--Low and slender perennials, with round heart-shaped alternate leaves on the rootstock or runners, on slender petioles; those on the flowering stems opposite, if any. Flowers small, in a simple slender raceme or spike. Fruit soon widely dehiscent. (Diminutive of _mitra_, a cap, alluding to the form of the young pod.)

1. M. diphlla, L. _Hairy; leaves heart-shaped, acute_, somewhat 3--5-lobed, toothed, _those on the many-flowered stem 2, opposite, nearly sessile_, with interfoliar stipules; flowers white, in a raceme 6--8' long; stamens 10.--Hillsides in rich woods; N. Eng. to N. C., west to Minn. and Mo. May.

2. M. nuda, L. Small and slender; _leaves rounded or kidney-form_, deeply and doubly crenate; _stem usually leafless, few-flowered_, very slender (4--6' high); flowers greenish; stamens 10.--Deep moist woods, in moss, N. Eng. to N. Y., Mich., Minn., and northward. May--July.

7. HEuCHERA, L. ALUM-ROOT.

Calyx bell-shaped, the tube cohering at the base with the ovary, 5-cleft. Petals 5, spatulate, small, entire. Stamens 5. Styles 2, slender. Capsule 1-celled, with 2 parietal many-seeded placentae, 2-beaked, opening between the beaks. Seeds oval, with a rough and close seed-coat.--Perennials, with the round heart-shaped leaves princ.i.p.ally from the rootstock; those on the stems, if any, alternate. Petioles with dilated margins or adherent stipules at their base. Flowers in small cl.u.s.ters disposed in a prolonged and narrow panicle, greenish or purplish. (Named in honor of _John Henry Heucher_, a German botanist of the beginning of the 18th century.)

[*] _Flowers small, loosely panicled; stamens and styles exserted; calyx regular._

1. H. villsa, Michx. Stems (1--3 high), petioles, and veins of the _acutely_ 7--9-lobed leaves _villous with rusty hairs_ beneath; calyx 1” long; _petals spatulate-linear, about as long as the stamens_, soon twisted.--Rocks, Md. to Ga., west to Ind. and Mo. Aug., Sept.

2. H. Rugelii, Shuttlw. Stems slender, --2 high, glandular-hirsute, as well as the petioles, etc.; _leaves round-reniform, with 7--9 short and broad rounded lobes_; flowers very small (1” long); petals linear-spatulate, twice as long as the calyx-lobes; fruit narrow.--Shaded cliffs, S. Ill. to Tenn. and N. C.

3. H. Americana, L. (COMMON ALUM-ROOT.) Stems (2--3 high), etc., _glandular_ and more or less _hirsute with short hairs_; leaves roundish, with short rounded lobes and crenate teeth; _calyx very broad_, 2” long, the _spatulate petals not longer than its lobes_.--Rocky woodlands, Conn. to N. C., west to Minn., Mo., and Miss.

[*][*] _Flowers larger, in a very narrow panicle; calyx (3--4” long) more or less oblique; stamens short; leaves rounded, slightly 5--9-lobed._

4. H. hispida, Pursh. Stems 2--4 high; _hispid or hirsute_ with long spreading hairs (occasionally almost glabrous), scarcely glandular; _stamens soon exserted, longer than the spatulate petals_.--Mountains of Va. and N. C., west to Minn. and E. Kan. May, June.

5. H. p.u.b.escens, Pursh. Stem (1--3 high) and petioles _granular-p.u.b.escent or glandular above_, not hairy, below often glabrous; _stamens shorter than the lobes of the calyx_ and the spatulate petals.--Rich woods, in the mountains, from Penn. to Ky., and southward. June, July.

8. CHRYSOSPLeNIUM, Tourn. GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE.

Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary; the blunt lobes 4--5, yellow within.

Petals none. Stamens 8--10, very short, inserted on a conspicuous disk.

Styles 2. Capsule inversely heart-shaped or 2-lobed, flattened, very short, 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae, 2-valved at the top, many-seeded.--Low and small smooth herbs, with tender succulent leaves, and small solitary or leafy-cymed flowers. (Name compounded of ???s??, _golden_, and sp???, _the spleen_; probably from some reputed medicinal qualities.)

1. C. Americanum, Schwein. Stems slender, _dec.u.mbent_ and forking; _leaves princ.i.p.ally opposite_, roundish or somewhat heart-shaped, obscurely crenate-lobed; _flowers distant_, inconspicuous, _nearly sessile_ (greenish tinged with yellow or purple).--Cold wet places, N. Scotia to N. Ga., west to Minn.

2. C. alterniflium, L. _Stems erect; leaves alternate_, reniform-cordate, doubly crenate or somewhat lobed; _flowers corymbose_.--Decorah, Iowa, west to the Rocky Mts., and north through Brit. Amer. (Eu., Asia.)

9. PARNa.s.sIA, Tourn. GRa.s.s OF PARNa.s.sUS.

Sepals 5, imbricated in the bud, slightly united at the base, and sometimes also with the base of the ovary, persistent. Petals 5, veiny, spreading, at length deciduous, imbricated in the bud; a cl.u.s.ter of somewhat united gland-tipped sterile filaments at the base of each.

Proper stamens 5, alternate with the petals, persistent; anthers introrse or subextrorse. Ovary 1-celled, with 4 projecting parietal placentae; stigmas 4, sessile, directly over the placentae. Capsule 4-valved, the valves bearing the placentae on their middle. Seeds very numerous, anatropous, with a thick wing-like seed-coat and little if any alb.u.men. Embryo straight; cotyledons very short.--Perennial smooth herbs, with entire leaves, and solitary flowers on long scape-like stems, which usually bear a single sessile leaf. Petals white, with greenish or yellowish veins. (Named from Mount Parna.s.sus; called Gra.s.s of Parna.s.sus by Dioscorides.)

<script>