Part 56 (1/2)

6. DALIBaRDA, L.

Calyx deeply 5--6-parted, 3 of the divisions larger and toothed. Petals 5, sessile, deciduous. Stamens many. Ovaries 5--10, becoming nearly dry seed-like drupes; styles terminal, deciduous.--Low perennials, with creeping and densely tufted stems or rootstocks, and roundish-heart-shaped crenate leaves on slender petioles. Flowers 1 or 2, white, on scape-like peduncles. (Named in honor of _Thomas Dalibard_, a French botanist of the time of Linnaeus.)

1. D. repens, L. Downy; sepals spreading in the flower, converging and enclosing the fruit.--Wooded banks; common northward. June--Aug.--In aspect and foliage resembling a stemless Violet.

7. GeUM, L. AVENS.

Calyx bell-shaped or flattish, deeply 5-cleft, usually with 5 small bractlets at the sinuses. Petals 5. Stamens many. Achenes numerous, heaped on a conical or cylindrical dry receptacle, the long persistent styles forming hairy or naked and straight or jointed tails. Seed erect; radicle inferior.--Perennial herbs, with pinnate or lyrate leaves. (A name used by Pliny, of unknown meaning.)

-- 1. GEUM proper. _Styles jointed and bent near the middle, the upper part deciduous and mostly hairy, the lower naked and hooked, becoming elongated; head of fruit sessile in the calyx; calyx-lobes reflexed._

[*] _Petals white or pale greenish-yellow, small, spatulate or oblong; stipules small._

1. G. alb.u.m, Gmelin. _Smoothish or softly p.u.b.escent; stem slender_ (2 high); root-leaves of 3--5 leaflets, or simple and rounded, with a few minute leaflets on the petiole below; those of the stem 3-divided or lobed, or only toothed; hairs upon the long slender peduncles ascending or spreading; _receptacle of the fruit densely bristly-hirsute._--Borders of woods, etc.; common. May--Aug.

2. G. Virginianum, L. _Bristly-hairy, especially the stout stem_; lower and root-leaves pinnate, very various, the upper mostly 3-parted or divided, incised; petals inconspicuous, shorter than the calyx; heads of fruit larger, on short stout peduncles hirsute with reflexed hairs; _receptacle glabrous_ or nearly so.--Borders of woods and low grounds; common. June--Aug.

[*][*] _Petals golden-yellow, conspicuous, broadly-obovate, exceeding the calyx; stipules larger and all deeply cut._

3. G. macrophllum, Willd. Bristly-hairy, stout (1--3 high); root-leaves lyrately and interruptedly pinnate, with the _terminal leaflet very large and round-heart-shaped_; lateral leaflets of the stem-leaves 2--4, minute, the terminal roundish, 3-cleft, the _lobes wedge-form and rounded; receptacle nearly naked_.--N. Scotia and N. Eng.

to Minn., Mo., and westward. June. (Eu.)

4. G. strictum, Ait. Somewhat hairy (3--5 high); root-leaves interruptedly pinnate, the leaflets wedge-obovate; _leaflets of the stem-leaves 3--5, rhombic-ovate or oblong, acute; receptacle downy._--Moist meadows, Newf. to N. J., west to Minn., Kan., and westward. July, Aug. (Eu.)

-- 2. STLIPUS. _Styles smooth; head of fruit conspicuously stalked in the calyx; bractlets of the calyx none, otherwise nearly as -- 1._

5. G. vernum, Torr. & Gray. Somewhat p.u.b.escent; stems ascending, few-leaved, slender; root-leaves roundish-heart-shaped, 3--5-lobed, or some of them pinnate, with the lobes cut; petals yellow, about the length of the calyx; receptacle smooth.--Thickets, Penn. to Ill., south to Ky. and Tex. April--June.

-- 3. CARYOPHYLLaTA. _Style jointed and bent in the middle, the upper joint plumose; flowers large; calyx erect or spreading; petals erect._

6. G. rivale, L. (WATER, or PURPLE AVENS.)--Stems nearly simple, several-flowered (2 high); root-leaves lyrate and interruptedly pinnate, those of the stem few, 3-foliolate or 3-lobed; petals dilated-obovate, retuse, contracted into a claw, purplish-orange; head of fruit stalked in the brown-purple calyx.--Bogs and wet meadows, Newf.

to N. J., west to Minn. and Mo.--Flowers nodding; pedicels erect in fruit. (Eu.)

-- 4. SIEVeRSIA. _Style not jointed, wholly persistent and straight; head of fruit sessile; flowers large; calyx erect or spreading. (Flowering stems simple, and bearing only bracts or small leaves.)_

7. G. triflrum, Pursh. Low, softly-hairy; root-leaves interruptedly pinnate; leaflets very numerous and crowded, oblong-wedge-form, deeply cut-toothed; flowers 3 or more on long peduncles; _bractlets linear, longer than the purple calyx, as long as the oblong purplish erect petals; styles very long (2'), strongly plumose in fruit_.--Rocks, Lab.

and northern N. Eng., to Minn. and Mo., rare. April--June.

8. G. radiatum, Michx. Hirsutely hairy or smoothish; _root-leaves rounded-kidney-shaped_, radiate-veined (2--5' broad), doubly or irregularly cut-toothed and obscurely 5--7-lobed, also a set of minute leaflets down the long petiole; stems (8--18' high) 1--5-flowered; _bractlets minute; petals yellow, round-obovate_ and more or less obcordate, exceeding the calyx (' long), _spreading; styles naked_ except the base. (High mountains of N. C.)

Var. Peckii, Gray. Nearly glabrous, or the stalks and veins of the leaves spa.r.s.ely hirsute.--Alpine tops of the White Mts.

DRYAS OCTOPETALA, L., a dwarf matted slightly shrubby plant, with simple toothed leaves and large white solitary flowers, has the characters of this section excepting its 8--9-parted calyx and 8 or 9 petals. It was said by Pursh to have been found on the White Mountains, N. H., ninety years ago, but it is not known to have been seen there since.

8. WALDSTENIA, Willd.

Calyx-tube inversely conical; the limb 5-cleft, with 5 often minute and deciduous bractlets. Petals 5. Stamens many, inserted into the throat of the calyx. Achenes 2--6, minutely hairy; the terminal slender styles deciduous from the base by a joint. Seed erect; radicle inferior.--Low perennial herbs, with chiefly radical 3--5-lobed or divided leaves, and small yellow flowers on bracted scapes. (Named in honor of _Francis von Waldstein_, a German botanist.)