Part 29 (1/2)

Pod linear, 4-sided, the valves keeled with a strong midrib; stigma broadly lobed. Seeds in 1 row in each cell, oblong, marginless.

Cotyledons (often obliquely) inc.u.mbent.--Chiefly biennials, with yellow flowers; the leaves not clasping. p.u.b.escence of appressed 2--3-parted hairs. (Name from ????, _to draw blisters_.)

1. E. asperum, DC. (WESTERN WALL-FLOWER.) Minutely roughish-h.o.a.ry; stem simple, leaves lanceolate to linear, entire or somewhat toothed; _pods nearly erect_ or widely spreading _on short pedicels, elongated_ (3--4'

long), exactly 4-sided; stigma 2-lobed.--Ohio (on limestone cliffs) to Ill., Ark., Dak., and common westward. June, July.--Plant stout, 1--2 high; the crowded bright orange-yellow flowers as large as those of the Wall-flower. Petals...o...b..cular, on very slender claws.

2. E. cheiranthodes, L. (WORM-SEED MUSTARD.) Minutely roughish, branching, slender; leaves lanceolate, scarcely toothed; flowers small; _pods small and short_ (7--12” long), very obtusely angled, ascending on slender _divergent pedicels_.--Banks of streams, Ma.s.s. to Penn., Minn., and northward. July. (Eu.)

3. E. parviflrum, Nutt. Stem erect, often simple; leaves linear-oblanceolate, entire or the lowest coa.r.s.ely toothed; flowers small (3” long); pods narrow, 1--2' long, ascending on short pedicels.--Minn. to Kan. and westward.

15. SISMBRIUM, Tourn. HEDGE MUSTARD.

Pod terete, flattish or 4--6-sided, the valves 1--3-nerved; stigma small, entire. Seeds oblong, marginless, in 1 or 2 rows in each cell.

Cotyledons inc.u.mbent. Calyx open.--Flowers small, white or yellow.

p.u.b.escence spreading. (An ancient Greek name for some plant of this family.) Ours are mostly annuals or biennials.

1. S. humile, Meyer. Perennial, branching from the base, sparingly p.u.b.escent, 6' high or less; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, mostly coa.r.s.ely and sharply toothed; flowers white or rose-color; pods very narrow, subterete, 4--9” long, ascending on short pedicels, beaked with a short style, seeds 1-ranked. (Arabis petraea, _Man._, not _Lam._)--Willoughby Mountain, Vt.; Canada and westward. (N. Asia.)

2. S. canescens, Nutt. (TANSY MUSTARD.) _Leaves 2-pinnatifid_, often h.o.a.ry or downy, the divisions small and toothed; flowers yellowish, very small; pods in long racemes, oblong-club-shaped or oblong-linear, shorter than their mostly horizontal pedicels; _seeds 2-ranked_ in each cell.--Penn. and N. Y. to Lake Superior, thence southward and westward.

June--Aug.

S. SoPHIA, L. A similar h.o.a.ry species, with decompound leaves; pods slender, 6--15” long, ascending; seeds 1-ranked.--Sparingly naturalized from Europe.

S. OFFICINaLE, Scop. (HEDGE MUSTARD.) _Leaves runcinate_; flowers very small, pale yellow; _pods awl-shaped, close pressed_ to the stem, scarcely stalked.--Waste places. May--Sept.--An unsightly branched weed, 2--3 high. (Nat. from Eu.)

S. THALIaNA, Gaud. (MOUSE-EAR CRESS.) _Leaves obovate or oblong, entire_ or barely toothed; flowers white; pods linear, somewhat 4-sided, longer than the slender spreading pedicels.--Old fields and rocks, Ma.s.s. to Kan. April, May.--A span high, slender, branched, hairy at the base.

(Nat. from Eu.)

S. ALLIaRIA, Scop. Stout, erect; leaves reniform to ovate-cordate, coa.r.s.ely repand-dentate; flowers white; pods tapering, 1--2' long, ascending on very stout spreading pedicels.--Near Georgetown, D. C.

(Nat. from Eu.)

16. THELYPDIUM, Endl.

Pod terete or teretish; valves 1-nerved; stigma mostly entire. Seeds in 1 row in each cell, oblong, marginless. Cotyledons obliquely inc.u.mbent.--Stout biennials or perennials, with mostly large purplish or white flowers. Leaves or petioles often auricled at base. (Name from ?????, _female_, and p???, _foot_, the ovary in some species being stipitate.)

1. T. pinnatifidum, Watson. Glabrous (1--3 high), often branched above; root-leaves round or heart-shaped, on slender petioles; stem-leaves auricled, ovate-oblong and ovate-lanceolate (2--6' long), sharply and often doubly toothed, tapering to each end, the lower into a winged petiole, rarely bearing a pair or two of small lateral lobes; flowers purplish; pods 1--1' long, on short diverging pedicels, pointed by a short style. (Arabis hesperidoides, _Gray_.) Alluvial river-banks, Ohio to Minn., Mo., and southwestward. May, June.

17. BRa.s.sICA (Bra.s.sica and Sinapis), Tourn.

Pod linear or oblong, nearly terete or 4-sided, with a stout 1-seeded beak or a rigid style; valves 1--5-nerved. Seeds globose, 1-rowed.

Cotyledons inc.u.mbent, folded around the radicle.--Annuals or biennials, with yellow flowers. Lower leaves mostly lyrate, incised, or pinnatifid.

(The Latin name of the Cabbage. Sinapis is the Greek s??ap?, which is said to come from the Celtic _nap_, a turnip.)

B. SINAPiSTRUM, Boiss. (or SINaPIS ARVeNSIS, L., the English CHARLOCK), with knotty pods, fully one third occupied by a stout 2-edged beak (which is either empty or 1-seeded), the upper leaves barely toothed, is a noxious weed in grain-fields, from N. Eng. to Penn. and N. Y.

westward. (Adv. from Eu.)