Part 24 (1/2)

5. NuPHAR, Smith. YELLOW POND-LILY. SPATTER-DOCK.

Sepals 5, 6, or sometimes more, colored, or partly green outside, roundish, concave. Petals numerous, small and thickish, stamen-like or scale-like, inserted with the very numerous short stamens on the receptacle under the ovary, not surpa.s.sing the disk-like 8--24-rayed sessile stigma, persistent and at length recurved. Fruit ovoid, naked, usually ripening above water. Aril none.--Rootstock creeping, cylindrical. Leaves with a deep sinus at the base. Flowers yellow or sometimes tinged with purple, produced all summer. (Name said to be of Arabic origin.)

1. N. advena, Ait. f. _Sepals 6, unequal; petals shorter than the stamens_ and resembling them, thick and fleshy, truncate; stigma nearly entire, 12--24-rayed, pale red; ovary and fruit (1' long) ovate, not contracted above into a narrow neck; thin submersed leaves seldom present; floating or emersed and erect leaves thick (6--12' long), from roundish to ovate or almost oblong, the sinus open, or closed or narrow.--Very common, in still or stagnant water; stout and coa.r.s.e; flower often partly purplish (var. VARIEGaTUM, Engelm.).

Var. mnus, Morong. More slender; leaves somewhat smaller (3--8' long); flowers usually smaller (sepals 12--15” long); petals spatulate; stigmas 9--13-rayed, crenately toothed, bright red or crimson; fruit 1'

long, contracted above. (N. rubrodisc.u.m, _Morong._ N. luteum, _Man._; not _Smith_.)--N. Vt. to Mich. and Penn. Probably a hybrid between this and the next species.

2. N. Kalmianum, Ait. Very slender and with slender rootstock; submersed leaves thin, round-reniform, the floating broadly elliptical with a deep narrow sinus, 2--4' long; sepals usually 5, the flowers an inch broad or less; petals spatulate or obovate; stigmas 7--10-rayed, dark red; fruit globular with a short neck (6--9” in diameter). (N. luteum, var.

pumilum, _Man._)--Maine to Penn. and Minn., and northward.

3. N. sagittiflium, Pursh. Rootstock stout; leaves narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate with a short sinus, 6--15' long; flowers small (1'

broad).--S. Ind. and Ill. (_Schneck_), and southward.

ORDER 7. SARRACENIaCEae. (PITCHER-PLANTS.)

_Polyandrous and hypogynous bog-plants, with hollow pitcher-form or trumpet-shaped leaves_,--comprising one plant in the mountains of Guiana, another (Darlingtonia, _Torr._) in California, and the following genus in the Atlantic United States.

1. SARRACeNIA, Tourn. SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER.

Sepals 5, with 3 bractlets at the base, colored, persistent. Petals 5, oblong or obovate, incurved, deciduous. Stamens numerous, hypogynous.

Ovary compound, 5-celled, globose, crowned with a short style, which is expanded at the summit into a very broad and petal-like, 5-angled, 5-rayed, umbrella-shaped body, the 5 delicate rays terminating under the angles in as many little hooked stigmas. Capsule with a granular surface, 5-celled, with many-seeded placentae in the axis, loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds anatropous, with a small embryo at the base of fleshy alb.u.men.--Perennials, yellowish-green and purplish; the hollow leaves all radical, with a wing on one side, and a rounded arching hood at the apex. Scape naked, 1-flowered; flower nodding. (Named by Tournefort in honor of _Dr. Sarrasin_ of Quebec, who first sent our Northern species, and a botanical account of it, to Europe.)

1. S. purpurea, L. (SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER. PITCHER-PLANT. HUNTSMAN'S CUP.) _Leaves pitcher-shaped_, ascending, curved, broadly winged; the hood erect, open, round heart-shaped; _flower deep purple_; the fiddle-shaped petals arched over the greenish-yellow style.--Varies rarely with greenish-yellow flowers, and without purple veins in the foliage.--Peat-bogs; common from N. Eng. to Minn., N. E. Iowa, and southward east of the Alleghanies. June.--The curious leaves are usually half filled with water and drowned insects. The inner face of the hood is clothed with stiff bristles pointing downward. Flower globose, nodding on a scape a foot high; it is difficult to fancy any resemblance between its shape and a side-saddle, but it is not very unlike a pillion.

2. S. flava, L. (TRUMPETS.) _Leaves long (1--3) and trumpet-shaped_, erect, with an open mouth, the erect hood rounded, narrow at the base; wing almost none; _flower yellow_, the petals becoming long and drooping.--Bogs, Va. and southward. April.

ORDER 8. PAPAVERaCEae. (POPPY FAMILY.)

_Herbs with milky or colored juice, regular flowers with the parts in twos or fours, fugacious sepals, polyandrous, hypogynous, the ovary 1-celled with two or more parietal placentae._--Sepals 2, rarely 3, falling when the flower expands. Petals 4--12, spreading, imbricated and often crumpled in the bud, early deciduous. Stamens rarely as few as 16, distinct. Fruit a dry 1-celled pod (in the Poppy imperfectly many-celled, in Glaucium 2-celled). Seeds numerous, anatropous, often crested, with a minute embryo at the base of fleshy and oily alb.u.men.--Leaves alternate, without stipules. Peduncles mostly 1-flowered. Juice narcotic or acrid.

[*] Petals 8--12, not crumpled in the bud, white. Pod 1-celled, 2-valved.

1. Sanguinaria. Petals white. Leaves and 1-flowered scape from a short rootstock.

[*][*] Petals 4, crumpled in the bud. Pod 2-valved or more.

[+] Pod 2--4-valved, the valves separating to the base from the placentas. Leaves pinnately parted. Flowers yellow.

2. Stylophorum. Pod bristly; style distinct; stigmas and placentas 3--4.

3. Chelidonium. Pod linear, smooth; style almost none; stigmas and placentas 2.

4. Glaucium. Pod rough, long-linear, 2-celled by a spongy part.i.tion; style none.

[+][+] Pod 4--20-valved, dehiscent only at the top or to the middle.